The rise and decline of the central settlement of Fidvár near Vráble (Southwestern Slovakia) - Studies on the economy, social structure and political organization of a social unit within its wider surroundings

弗拉布尔（斯洛伐克西南部）附近菲德瓦尔中心定居点的兴起和衰落 - 研究其更广泛环境中社会单位的经济、社会结构和政治组织

• 批准号: 203267416
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Felix Bittmann
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Niedersächsisches Institut für historische Küstenforschung (NIhK)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2010-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/203267416?language=en
• 关键词: rise; decline; central; settlement; Fidv

The results of the investigations at the fortified settlement and nearby burial ground at Fidvar near Vrable (southwest Slovakia) yielded rich data which allow the reconstruction of the history of the site in the context of its surroundings and environment. This data suggests the presence of a small fortified settlement of about 0.4 ha around 2050 B.C. which had increased to a 12 ha spread at circa 1850 B.C. The data collected to date allows for the reconstruction of groups of 8-12 houses which reflect the social structure of the settlement. Most probably, the expanded 12 ha settlement originated from the coalition of autonomous settler groups. The decline of Fidvar around 1730 B.C. might be explained by the exodous or extinction of several social groups. Although the human inhabitation at Fidvar continued after this point, it was within a significantly smaller (1.2 ha), strongly fortified settlement. With only two exceptions, the 30 graves which have been excavated at present were subject to secondary openings. This potentially ritualistic damage seems to have occurred at the same point in time during which the large settlement was being abandoned. It is probable that the cemetery was used and established by a small group, possibly the initial founders of the settlement. The concomitous decline of the settlement and the opening of the graves could hint at the presence of either exogenous or endogenous conflict. The potential of external causes can be analyzed by an assessment of the wider environment. Endogenous causes can be measured via the study of the similarities and differences between the various domestic groups identified at the site (centre, edge and periphery). The interdisciplinary analysis, especially that regarding the close association of archaeobotanical and archaeological data enables for a unique means of accessing the process of settlement change at the site. The site at Fidvar is doubly unique because it offers the opportunity for scientists to investigate both a settlement as well as the cemetery with which that settlement was directly associated. The concurrent examination of both settlement and graveyard at Vrable has brought new information to the table regarding differences in the continuity and discontinuity of settlements and funerary practices in the surrounding region as well. By means of anthropological analyses, aDNA analyses and the measurement of isotopes, it will be possible to address socioarchaeological questions with greater precision, an key methodolocial step in understanding this impressive and important site.

在靠近弗拉布尔(斯洛伐克西南部)的Fidvar的设防定居点和附近墓地的调查结果产生了丰富的数据，使人们能够在周围环境和环境的背景下重建遗址的历史。这一数据表明，在公元前2050年左右存在一个约0.4公顷的小型防御工事聚居地，在公元前1850年左右已增加到12公顷。迄今收集的数据允许重建8-12所房屋组，这反映了该定居点的社会结构。最有可能的是，扩大后的12公顷定居点来自自治定居者团体联盟。公元前1730年左右，Fidvar的衰落可能是由几个社会群体的兴盛或灭绝来解释的。尽管Fidvar的人类居住在这一点之后仍在继续，但它在一个小得多的(1.2公顷)、戒备森严的定居点内。除了两个例外，目前已挖掘的30个坟墓都要进行二次开挖。这种潜在的仪式性破坏似乎发生在大型定居点被放弃的同一时间点。墓地很可能是由一小群人使用和建立的，他们可能是定居点的最初创建者。定居点的衰落和坟墓的打开可能暗示着存在外生或内生的冲突。外部原因的可能性可以通过对更广泛的环境的评估来分析。内生原因可以通过研究在现场确定的各种国内群体(中心、边缘和外围)之间的相似和差异来衡量。跨学科分析，特别是关于考古植物学和考古学数据的密切联系的分析，使人们能够以独特的方式了解遗址的定居点变化过程。Fidvar遗址具有双重独特性，因为它为科学家提供了调查定居点以及与该定居点直接相关的墓地的机会。同时对沃布尔的定居点和墓地进行审查，为我们提供了有关周围地区定居点和葬礼习俗的连续性和间断性的差异的新信息。通过人类学分析、aDNA分析和同位素测量，将有可能更精确地解决社会考古学问题，这是理解这一令人印象深刻的重要遗址的关键方法学步骤。