DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Modeling Bird and Bat Mediated Pest Control Services Across Costa Rican Countryside

论文研究：哥斯达黎加乡村鸟类和蝙蝠介导的害虫防治服务建模

• 批准号: 1209335
• 负责人: Gretchen Daily
• 金额: $ 1.5万
• 依托单位: Stanford University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-06-01 至 2014-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1209335&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERTATION; RESEARCH; Modeling; Bird; Bat

Across the world, agricultural production is rapidly expanding. Besides encroaching into forests, industrial agriculture transforms traditional farms of several crops and interspersed trees into vast fields of a single type of crop. Wildlife often persists in the traditional, low-intensity landscapes, but disappears in intensive plantations. Many of these species serve a pivotal role in agricultural ecosystems by consuming damaging insect pests. Coffee is the second most traded commodity after oil, and a small beetle, the coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei), is its most damaging pest. This project investigates whether the loss of native trees and small forest patches, traditionally interspersed throughout Costa Rican coffee plantations, affects the control of coffee berry borer by bats and birds. The project utilizes novel molecular methods to detect the coffee berry borer in bat and bird fecal samples collected from Costa Rica coffee plantations. After identifying which bird and bat species eat the berry borer, a pest-control model will be developed to identify the sites and conditions (e.g. amount of nearby tree cover) under which farmers would expect to benefit most from bat- and bird-mediated pest control. How pest control changes with changing agricultural practices remains unclear, and forecasting future pest regulation is not currently possible. This research seeks to address these shortcomings by developing a model that predicts the consequences of agricultural expansion and intensification for pest control. This model will be integrated eventually into a modeling platform: Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST). InVEST will assist conservation organizations, land managers, governments, and corporations in evaluating "ecosystem services" -- the benefits that humans derive from ecosystems, into resource decisions. Thus, results from this project have potential to be incorporated into practical decisions relatively quickly. To build to this point, findings will be communicated broadly, in scientific journals and academic forums, as well as through public media. Additionally, the project will involve undergraduate students and local field assistants, who will become involved in multiple aspects of research, including co-authorship and oral presentations.

在世界范围内，农业生产正在迅速扩大。除了侵占森林之外，工业化农业还将种植多种作物和树木的传统农场转变为种植单一作物的大片田地。野生动物通常在传统的低密度景观中生存，但在密集的种植园中消失。许多这些物种通过消耗有害害虫在农业生态系统中发挥关键作用。咖啡是仅次于石油的第二大贸易商品，一种小甲虫，咖啡浆果蛀虫（Hypothenemus hampei），是最具破坏性的害虫。该项目调查了传统上散布在哥斯达黎加咖啡种植园的本地树木和小片森林的消失是否会影响蝙蝠和鸟类对咖啡浆果蛀虫的控制。该项目利用新颖的分子方法在哥斯达黎加咖啡种植园收集的蝙蝠和鸟类粪便样本中检测咖啡浆果蛀虫。在确定哪些鸟类和蝙蝠以浆果蛀虫为食之后，将开发一个虫害防治模型，以确定农民有望从蝙蝠和鸟类介导的虫害防治中获益最多的地点和条件（例如附近树木覆盖的数量）。病虫害防治如何随着农业实践的变化而变化尚不清楚，目前还不可能预测未来的病虫害管制。这项研究试图通过开发一个模型来解决这些缺点，该模型可以预测农业扩大和集约化防治虫害的后果。该模型最终将集成到一个建模平台：生态系统服务和权衡的综合估值（InVEST）。InVEST将协助保护组织、土地管理者、政府和企业评估“生态系统服务”——人类从生态系统中获得的利益，并将其纳入资源决策。因此，该项目的结果有可能相对较快地纳入实际决策。为了达到这一点，研究结果将在科学期刊和学术论坛上以及通过公共媒体广泛传播。此外，该项目将涉及本科生和当地实地助理，他们将参与研究的多个方面，包括合著和口头报告。