Dissertation Research: The influence of development configuration on thermal pollution in urban streams

论文研究：开发配置对城市河流热污染的影响

• 批准号: 1209943
• 负责人: Dean Urban
• 金额: $ 1.49万
• 依托单位: Duke University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-06-01 至 2013-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1209943&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; influence; development; configuration

Streams in urban watersheds are typically warmer at low flows and can experience higher temperatures during storm flows when run-off passes over hot paved surfaces. It's known that high temperatures can stress in-stream organisms, however our understanding of the relationship between development and altered stream temperature remains imprecise. Water temperature will be monitored at multiple locations to distinguish the importance of the spatial configuration of development, contrasting above-ground connectivity (e.g., impervious patch size, shape, location, shading) and below-ground connectivity (e.g., stormwater infrastructure, especially pipes). This will improve our understanding of the impact of urban development on heat pulses in streams, and more generally on stream ecosystems. Because these metrics will be linked more explicitly to hydrologic behaviors than many development proxies that are now commonly used, this research will help to better understand how urban watersheds function and how policies can ameliorate negative effects of urbanization on stream ecosystems. Collaborators in this research will include faculty and graduate student researchers at Duke University, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University, the Triangle J Council of Governments, and watershed managers working for Chapel Hill, Durham, Carrboro, and Raleigh. A local eighth grade class will be involved through the use of an outdoor classroom and the presentation of results during class times and members of Girl Scout Troop 514 will participate in fieldwork and a day of learning about thermal pollution through hands-on activities.

城市分水岭中的溪流通常在低流量时较温暖，当径流流过炎热的铺设表面时，可能会在暴风雨期间经历更高的温度。众所周知，高温会给溪流中的生物带来压力，但我们对发育和溪流温度变化之间的关系的理解仍然不准确。将在多个地点监测水温，以区分开发的空间布局的重要性，对比地面连通性(例如，不透水斑块的大小、形状、位置、遮阳)和地下连通性(例如，雨水基础设施，特别是管道)。这将提高我们对城市发展对溪流中热脉冲的影响，以及更广泛地对溪流生态系统的影响的理解。由于这些指标将比目前普遍使用的许多发展指标更明确地与水文行为联系在一起，因此这项研究将有助于更好地了解城市流域如何发挥作用，以及政策如何改善城市化对河流生态系统的负面影响。这项研究的合作者将包括杜克大学、北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校、北卡罗来纳州立大学、三角J政府委员会的教职员工和研究生研究人员，以及为教堂山、达勒姆、卡伯勒和罗利工作的分水岭管理人员。当地一个八年级的班级将通过使用户外教室和在上课时间展示结果来参与，514女童子军的成员将通过实践活动参加实地考察和一天的热污染学习。