Collaborative Proposal: Investigating the Subsistence Transition in Post-Lapita Fiji (2500-1500 years BP)

合作提案：调查后拉皮塔斐济（距今 2500-1500 年）的生计转变

• 批准号: 1216310
• 负责人: John Dudgeon
• 金额: $ 7.45万
• 依托单位: Idaho State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-06-15 至 2017-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1216310&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Proposal; Investigating; Subsistence; Transition

With National Science Foundation support, Drs. Julie Field, Chris Roos, and John Dudgeon will use archaeological, geoarchaeological, and paleoecological analyses to explore the transition from marine foraging to sedentary farming in the centuries following the colonization of the Fiji Islands. This research will determine how and when food production developed in Fijian prehistory, and examine how this transition relates to evident changes in diet, settlement, material culture, demography, and island ecology. This topic is particularly relevant to current research questions in Oceania, in particular the decline of the signature elements of the founding society, the Lapita, and the emergence of the core components of the Oceanic societies of New Caledonia, Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa. By the contact period these island groups had large populations, vast agricultural systems, and ranked societies, but the relative importance of food production to this process is not well understood and has received little direct study. The team will focus on the Sigatoka Valley, located on the island of Viti Levu, and will examine the range of variables used to forage or produce food. The researchers will employ a high-resolution retrodictive GIS-based model. This model will provide the foundation for geoarchaeological investigations within several watersheds to determine the frequency of natural and human-induced fire, and build a picture of landscape change from forest canopy to open farmland. Large areal excavations will be conducted with the goal of retrieving evidence of foraging and food production by Fiji's earliest inhabitants. Radiocarbon dating of features and artifacts related to food processing and consumption will be used to generate a chronology for agricultural development in Fiji. The project will also conduct isotopic analyses on recovered bone in order to examine human diet, the relative increasing importance of cultivated foods. Research in Fiji will build upon a history of collaboration between US archaeologists and the Fiji Museum that began in 1947. Fieldwork and subsequent laboratory analyses will provide training and research opportunities for students in Fiji and the United States, and will be connected to a series of educational programs for Fijian adults and schoolchildren that emphasizes cultural resource management and the natural sciences. Reports and data generated from this project will be shared with local communities via the Fiji Museum, and also published internationally.

在国家科学基金会的支持下，博士。 Julie Field、Chris Roos 和 John Dudgeon 将利用考古学、地质考古学和古生态学分析来探索斐济群岛殖民化后几个世纪里从海洋觅食到定居农业的转变。这项研究将确定斐济史前时期粮食生产如何以及何时发展，并研究这种转变如何与饮食、定居、物质文化、人口和岛屿生态的明显变化相关。该主题与大洋洲当前的研究问题特别相关，特别是创始社会拉皮塔人的标志性元素的衰落，以及新喀里多尼亚、斐济、汤加和萨摩亚等海洋社会核心组成部分的出现。在接触时期，这些岛屿群拥有大量人口、庞大的农业系统和等级社会，但粮食生产对此过程的相对重要性尚未得到充分了解，也很少受到直接研究。该团队将重点关注位于维提岛的辛加东卡山谷，并将研究用于采集或生产食物的变量范围。研究人员将采用基于 GIS 的高分辨率追溯模型。 该模型将为几个流域内的地质考古调查提供基础，以确定自然和人为火灾的频率，并绘制从森林冠层到开放农田的景观变化图。将进行大面积发掘，目的是检索斐济最早居民觅食和粮食生产的证据。与食品加工和消费相关的特征和文物的放射性碳测年将用于生成斐济农业发展的年表。该项目还将对回收的骨骼进行同位素分析，以检查人类饮食，即耕种食品的相对日益重要的重要性。斐济的研究将建立在美国考古学家和斐济博物馆自 1947 年开始的合作历史之上。实地考察和随后的实验室分析将为斐济和美国的学生提供培训和研究机会，并将与一系列针对斐济成人和学童的教育项目相结合，强调文化资源管理和自然科学。该项目生成的报告和数据将通过斐济博物馆与当地社区共享，并在国际上发布。