TWC: Medium: Collaborative Research: Transformative New Approaches to Efficient Secure Computation

TWC：媒介：协作研究：高效安全计算的变革性新方法

• 批准号: 1228856
• 负责人: Manoj Prabhakaran
• 金额: $ 60万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-01 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1228856&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: TWC; Medium; Collaborative; Research; Transformative

Secure Computation is a powerful concept from cryptography that enables collaboration in the absence of trust. Despite its great potential for solving practical problems in collaborative situations, it has not yet been widely adopted in practice. Indeed, until recently there were few practical implementations of secure computation protocols, and even recent implementations were forced to restrict themselves to weak forms of security for the sake of efficiency. This is because the dominant paradigm for achieving strong security, since the invention of the first such protocols, has relied on zero-knowledge proofs, and yields protocols that are too inefficient even for simple computations.We are developing radically different new architectures for efficient secure computation protocols that bypass the need for such zero-knowledge proofs. Our architectures are based on a novel principled approach to developing new secure computation protocols, with consequences to the theory and practice of modern cryptography. Our research will identify new (partial) security properties inherent in simple protocols, and study how such properties can add up to strong security guarantees through carefully developed methods for composing protocols.Secure multiparty computation is an idea whose time has come, as evidenced by the several projects around the world engaged in translating the theoretical results to practical implementations, and the number of research projects outside cryptography that seek to exploit it. Widespread availability and deployment of secure computation protocols has the potential to be a disruptive technology, enabling new avenues of cooperation in areas with sensitive information. Apart from the technological impact, we strive to bring the advances in cryptography to a broader computer science audience, by integrating our research into graduate and undergraduate education, and outreach efforts.

安全计算是密码学中的一个强大概念，它可以在缺乏信任的情况下实现协作。尽管它在解决协作情况下的实际问题方面具有巨大潜力，但在实践中尚未被广泛采用。 事实上，直到最近，几乎没有安全计算协议的实际实现，即使是最近的实现也被迫限制自己的安全性，以提高效率。这是因为，自第一个这样的协议发明以来，实现强安全性的主导范式一直依赖于零知识证明，并且产生的协议即使对于简单的计算也太低效了。我们正在开发完全不同的新架构，用于绕过这种零知识证明的需要的高效安全计算协议。我们的体系结构是基于一种新的原则性方法来开发新的安全计算协议，其后果是现代密码学的理论和实践。 我们的研究将识别简单协议中固有的新的（部分）安全属性，并研究这些属性如何通过精心开发的组合协议的方法来增加强大的安全保证。安全多方计算是一个时代已经到来的想法，正如世界各地从事将理论结果转化为实际实现的几个项目所证明的那样，安全计算协议的广泛使用和部署有可能成为一种颠覆性技术，为敏感信息领域的合作开辟新的途径。除了技术的影响，我们努力把密码学的进步，以更广泛的计算机科学观众，通过整合我们的研究到研究生和本科教育，并推广工作。