Studying Field Emergence: HPV and the Expanding List of Oncoviruses

科学领域和合作是如何形成的，理解这一点很重要，因为它们定义了问题、可接受的产品和方法，并塑造了职业轨迹。大多数场形成的研究是纵向的，调查合作领域分开，不调查知识内容的作用。本研究通过调查性别知识在科学领域形成和合作的双重过程中的作用来解决这些差距。要做到这一点，社会世界分析的性别性质的形成的生物医学领域的onconviruses进行。采用多点定性研究设计，包括在关键科学会议上的参与观察;通过产品植入分发的文件，产品和其他文本的分析;和深入采访了关键科学家，技术开发人员和STI癌症科学中心组织的领导人。这项研究有助于科学和技术研究领域的形成，合作，以及性别与科学知识之间的关系。这项研究更广泛的社会意义在于，它揭示了科学家和公众如何理解人类癌症的复杂性以及目前癌症因果关系理论和癌症预防技术的科学方法。它通过调查性传播病毒感染因子在人类癌症发展中的假定致病作用来实现。最著名的例子是人乳头瘤病毒（HPV），它通过其疫苗技术、批准的免疫指南和直接面向消费者的广告活动获得了公众的认识。该病例和其他五种“肿瘤病毒”（HBV、HCV、HHV-8、EBV和HTLV-1）构成了癌症病因和生物医学科学研究领域的扩展概念。通过阐明科学家和工业界如何将这些病毒视为癌症的原因，并通过出版物和演示文稿传播研究结果，公众，政策制定者和科学家就如何解决重要的社会和科学问题拥有更多信息。

How scientific fields and collaborations are formed is important to understand because they define problems, acceptable products, and methodologies, and shape career trajectories. Most studies of field formation are longtitudinal, investigate collaboration separately from fields, and do not investigate the role of knowledge content. This study addresses those gaps by investigating the role of gendered knowledge in the twin processes of scientific field formation and collaborations. To do so, a social worlds analysis of the gendered nature of the formation of the biomedical field of onconviruses is undertaken. A multi-sited qualitative research design is employed, including participant observation at key scientific meetings; analysis of documents, products, and other texts distributed through product placement; and in-depth interviews with key scientists, technology developers, and leaders of organizations central to STI-cancer science.The research contributes to science and technology studies theories of field formation, collaboration, and the relationship between gender and scientific knowledge. This broader social implication of this research is that it sheds light on how scientists and publics understand the complexities of human cancers and the current scientific approaches to cancer causation theories and cancer prevention technology. It does so by investigating the putative causative role of sexually transmitted viral infectious agents in the development of human cancers. The most well known case is the human papillomavirus (HPV), which gained public awareness with its vaccine technology, approved immunization guideline, and direct-to-consumer advertising campaign. This case and five other "oncoviruses" (HBV, HCV, HHV-8, EBV, and HTLV-1) constitute an expanding conceptualization of cancer causation and field of biomedical scientific research. By illuminating how scientists and industry have come to see these viruses as a cause of cancer, and distributing research results through publications and presentions, publics, policymakers, and scientists have more information about how to address an important social and scientific issue.