Optimal sizing and control of distributed storage devices in grid-connected photovoltaic systems

在高太阳能光伏（PV）渗透率的情况下，社区层面的储能设备将成为降低峰值负荷和提高电网可靠性的关键。目前，试点项目旨在展示集中运营的公用事业拥有的社区储能系统的价值。 然而，集中式控制架构易于发生控制中心的单点故障，它不能很好地扩展到大区域，并且除了提高公用事业的电力质量和提供有限的停电保护之外，对电力客户只有有限的好处。智力优点：该研究涉及可扩展和鲁棒的分布式储能系统的综合，以提高电网负荷和电网可靠性，通过利用太阳能光伏（PV）系统。将在两个基本问题上取得进展：第一，开发可量化的光伏预测方法，以帮助分布式储能的有效运营。第二，在理论分析上，可以指导不同社区的分布式存储规模的设计;研究社区分解，社区能量存储的最佳联合规模，以及基于预测，异常和分布式算法的存储的最佳操作。 更广泛的影响：该研究将通过在配电系统中使用分布式存储设备来提高可再生能源的渗透率。教育和推广工作将包括一系列活动，如（1）每年为圣地亚哥K-12教师举办为期半天的可再生能源研讨会，（2）加州大学圣地亚哥分校工程专业本科生每周访问Encinitas联合学区五年级和六年级小学，介绍可再生能源课程计划，和（3）宿舍楼仪表板能源显示器，指示当前能源使用和当前需求响应的潜力（4）通过UCSD IDEA学生中心通过暑期实习指导少数民族学生，以及（5）通过加州大学圣地亚哥分校的女性工程师协会和西班牙裔专业工程师协会开展少数民族外联工作。

Under high solar photovoltaic (PV) penetration scenarios, energy storage devices at the community level will become crucial for reducing peak loads and improving grid reliability. Currently, pilot projects are aimed to demonstrate the value of utility-owned community energy storage systems that are centrally operated. However, the centralized control architecture is prone to single point failure of the control hub, it does not scale well to large regions, and has only limited benefits to electricity customers other than improving the power quality of the utility, and providing limited blackout protection. Intellectual merit: The research deals with synthesis of scalable and robust distributed energy storage systems to improve grid load and grid reliability, by exploiting solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. Progress will be made on two fundamental issues: first, on the development of quantifiable PV forecast methodologies that can help the effective operations of distributed energy storage. Second, on the theoretical analysis that can guide the design of distributed storage sizing over different communities; investigating community decomposition, optimal joint sizing of community energy storage, and the optimal operation of the storage based on forecasts, anomalies, and distributed algorithms. Broader impacts: The research will impact higher level of renewable energy penetration by making use of distributed storage devices in the distribution systems. The education and outreach efforts will include a number of activities such as (1) an annual half-day workshop on renewable energy to San Diego K-12 teachers, (2) weekly visits by UCSD undergraduate engineering students to Encinitas Unified School District 5th and 6th grade elementary schools to present lesson plans on renewable energy, and (3) a dorm building dashboard energy display indicating current energy use and current potential for demand response (4) mentoring of minority students through summer internships via the UCSD IDEA student center, and (5) minority outreach efforts via the societies of Women in Engineering at UCSD and the Society of Hispanic Professional Engineers.