Optimal sizing and control of distributed storage devices in grid-connected photovoltaic systems

在太阳能光伏高渗透率的情况下，社区级储能装置将成为降低峰值负荷和提高电网可靠性的关键。目前，试点项目旨在展示公用事业拥有的集中运营的社区储能系统的价值。然而，集中控制架构容易出现控制枢纽单点故障，不能很好地扩展到大区域，除了改善公用事业的电能质量和提供有限的停电保护外，对电力客户的好处有限。智力优势：该研究涉及可扩展和鲁棒分布式储能系统的综合，通过利用太阳能光伏（PV）系统来提高电网负荷和电网可靠性。将在两个基本问题上取得进展：第一，发展可量化的光伏预测方法，有助于分布式储能的有效运行。其次，理论分析可以指导不同社区的分布式存储规模设计；研究基于预测、异常和分布式算法的群落分解、群落储能的最优联合规模以及储能的最优运行。更广泛的影响：该研究将通过在配电系统中使用分布式存储设备来影响更高水平的可再生能源渗透。教育和推广工作将包括一系列活动，如(1)每年为圣地亚哥K-12教师举办为期半天的可再生能源研讨会，(2)加州大学圣地亚哥分校工程专业本科生每周访问恩西尼塔斯联合学区5年级和6年级的小学，介绍可再生能源的课程计划，(3)在宿舍楼的仪表板上安装能源显示器，显示当前的能源使用情况和当前潜在的需求响应；(4)通过加州大学圣地亚哥分校IDEA学生中心的暑期实习指导少数族裔学生；(5)通过加州大学圣地亚哥分校工程女性协会和西班牙裔专业工程师协会的少数族裔外展努力。

Under high solar photovoltaic (PV) penetration scenarios, energy storage devices at the community level will become crucial for reducing peak loads and improving grid reliability. Currently, pilot projects are aimed to demonstrate the value of utility-owned community energy storage systems that are centrally operated. However, the centralized control architecture is prone to single point failure of the control hub, it does not scale well to large regions, and has only limited benefits to electricity customers other than improving the power quality of the utility, and providing limited blackout protection. Intellectual merit: The research deals with synthesis of scalable and robust distributed energy storage systems to improve grid load and grid reliability, by exploiting solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. Progress will be made on two fundamental issues: first, on the development of quantifiable PV forecast methodologies that can help the effective operations of distributed energy storage. Second, on the theoretical analysis that can guide the design of distributed storage sizing over different communities; investigating community decomposition, optimal joint sizing of community energy storage, and the optimal operation of the storage based on forecasts, anomalies, and distributed algorithms. Broader impacts: The research will impact higher level of renewable energy penetration by making use of distributed storage devices in the distribution systems. The education and outreach efforts will include a number of activities such as (1) an annual half-day workshop on renewable energy to San Diego K-12 teachers, (2) weekly visits by UCSD undergraduate engineering students to Encinitas Unified School District 5th and 6th grade elementary schools to present lesson plans on renewable energy, and (3) a dorm building dashboard energy display indicating current energy use and current potential for demand response (4) mentoring of minority students through summer internships via the UCSD IDEA student center, and (5) minority outreach efforts via the societies of Women in Engineering at UCSD and the Society of Hispanic Professional Engineers.