MCA-PGR: Genetic and Genomic Approaches to Understand and Improve Maize Responses to Ozone

MCA-PGR：了解和改善玉米对臭氧反应的遗传和基因组方法

• 批准号: 1238030
• 负责人: Elizabeth Ainsworth
• 金额: $ 573.38万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1238030&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: MCA; PGR; Genetic; Genomic; Approaches

PI: Elizabeth Ainsworth (University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign/USDA-ARS)CoPIs: Andrew Leakey and Patrick Brown (University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign) and Lauren McIntyre (University of Florida)Key Collaborator: Thomas Brutnell (Donald Danforth Plant Science Center)Tropospheric ozone is the most damaging air pollutant to crops. Today, oxidative stress arising from ozone exposure is reducing potential maize yields by up to 10%, which in 2011 would have been valued at $7646 million. This project couples the unique capabilities of Free Air Concentration Enrichment (FACE) technology, which provides controlled elevation of ozone in open-air at field scale, with the power of the vast genetic resources in maize and transcriptome profiling. It will provide a foundation for crop improvement by quantifying genetic variation in response to elevated ozone among 200 inbred and 100 hybrid maize lines in the field. The project will use high-throughput phenotyping of ozone impacts on maize growth, senescence, leaf metabolism and reproductive processes to identify traits that correlate with yield loss. It will identify the genes and gene networks underpinning the ozone response in the most extreme tolerant and susceptible lines, and their hybrids, by integrating transcriptome analysis and detailed physiological analysis in inbred and hybrid maize. The project will develop or select existing biparental populations derived from tolerant and sensitive parents to identify QTL and eQTL for ozone tolerance. Finally, the project will assess crosstalk between ozone and biotic stress response gene networks in maize. This work will address key mechanistic hypotheses about how oxidative stress leads to transcriptional reprogramming of antioxidant and carbon metabolism, as well as hormone, senescence and defense pathways. This multifaceted approach is essential because multiple physiological drivers of yield are sensitive to oxidative stress from ozone exposure. Consequently, oxidative stress tolerance is undoubtedly a complex, polygenic trait. The broad application of quantitative genetic tools coupled to gene expression profiling and biochemical and physiological analyses of diverse germplasm makes the challenge of discovering the foundation for ozone tolerance tractable for the first time. With regard to outreach and training, this Mid-Career Investigator Award in Plant Genome Research (MCA-PGR) will help re-tool two mid-career plant physiologists who study plant physiological and agronomic responses to environmental change with training in genomics and quantitative genetics. This new expertise will allow them and their post-docs and graduate students to address major challenges in agriculture and ecology by leveraging the full power of genomics through bioinformatics, quantitative genetics and expression profiling using next-generation sequencing technologies. In addition, the project will provide outreach through an after-school program on plant biology at a local middle school and a summer science camp for high school girls. Pollen images and pollen viability data, sequencing and proteomics datasets developed in this project will be publicly available at public repositories such as the iPlant Collaborative, NCBI GEO (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/), and EMBL-EBI PRIDE (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pride/). Germplasm developed in this project will be available through the Maize Genetics Cooperation Stock Center (http://maizecoop.cropsci.uiuc.edu/).

主要研究者：Elizabeth Ainsworth（伊利诺伊大学香槟分校/USDA-ARS）CoPI：Andrew Leakey和帕特里克Brown（伊利诺伊大学香槟分校）和Lauren McIntyre（佛罗里达）主要合作者：托马斯Brutnell（唐纳德丹佛斯植物科学中心）对流层臭氧是对农作物危害最大的空气污染物。今天，臭氧暴露引起的氧化应激使玉米潜在产量减少了10%，2011年的价值为76.46亿美元。该项目结合了自由空气浓度富集（FACE）技术的独特能力，该技术在野外规模提供了受控的臭氧升高，以及玉米和转录组分析中巨大遗传资源的力量。 它将提供一个基础，作物改良，通过量化的遗传变异，以响应臭氧升高之间的200个自交系和100个杂交玉米品系在田间。 该项目将利用臭氧对玉米生长、衰老、叶片代谢和生殖过程影响的高通量表型分析，以确定与产量损失相关的性状。 它将通过整合转录组分析和对自交系和杂交玉米的详细生理分析，确定支持最极端耐受和敏感品系及其杂交种的臭氧反应的基因和基因网络。 该项目将开发或选择来自耐受性和敏感性亲本的现有双亲群体，以确定臭氧耐受性的QTL和eQTL。 最后，该项目将评估臭氧与玉米生物胁迫反应基因网络之间的相互影响。 这项工作将解决有关氧化应激如何导致抗氧化剂和碳代谢的转录重编程以及激素，衰老和防御途径的关键机制假设。这种多方面的方法是必不可少的，因为产量的多种生理驱动因素对臭氧暴露的氧化应激敏感。 因此，氧化应激耐受性无疑是一个复杂的多基因性状。 定量遗传工具的广泛应用，加上基因表达谱分析以及对不同种质的生化和生理分析，使得首次发现臭氧耐受性基础的挑战变得容易处理。 在推广和培训方面，植物基因组研究（MCA-PGR）的中期职业研究者奖将帮助重新装备两名中期职业植物生理学家，他们通过基因组学和数量遗传学的培训研究植物对环境变化的生理和农艺反应。 这种新的专业知识将使他们和他们的博士后和研究生能够通过生物信息学，定量遗传学和表达谱利用下一代测序技术充分利用基因组学的力量来应对农业和生态学的重大挑战。 此外，该项目还将通过在当地一所中学开展关于植物生物学的课后方案和为高中女生举办的暑期科学夏令营来提供外展服务。在该项目中开发的花粉图像和花粉活力数据、测序和蛋白质组学数据集将在iPlant Collaborative、NCBI GEO（www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/）和EMBL-EBI PRIDE（http：//www.ebi.ac.uk/pride/）等公共存储库中公开。 本项目开发的种质将通过玉米遗传合作储备中心（http：//maizecoop.cropsci.uiuc.edu/）提供。