CAREER: Abstractions for Energy Management: Vision, Architecture and Tools

手机的耗电量过高会让用户感到恼火，因为电池续航时间短，不可预测。数据中心的过度消费损害了企业的底线，并有可能导致大规模故障。该研究项目开发了能源跟踪和监测技术，使软件开发人员、系统工程师和最终用户等多方能够对软件能源消耗进行审计和控制。第一部分研究了解、调试和控制并行应用程序在异类体系结构(即具有加速器的多核上)上的性能和能量消耗所需的低级软件表示。第二种方法开发了硬件/软件能源例外框架，将满足所表达的能源目标视为正确计算的要求。这一框架中的分工任务是硬件在精细的时间和空间粒度上监测和报告能源消耗，而软件负责表达能源目标并处理未达到目标的案件。第三部分探讨了该能源监测框架在全系统范围内的影响，并将其作为测试平台。这一努力的重点是了解和平衡真实系统中能源跟踪的管理费用和好处。最后，第四部分考察了开发和优化运行速度更快、能源成本更低的“负责任”软件所需的程序员反馈和激励措施。该项目将开发必要的抽象和工具，以实现对软件能源消耗的可见性和控制，这是重要的能力，因为能源成为计算系统中最关键的资源之一。

Excessive energy consumption on a mobile phone irritates the user with short, unpredictable battery life. Excess consumption in a datacenter hurts a business's bottom line and has the potential to cause large-scale failures. This research project develops energy tracking and monitoring techniques to enable many parties -- such as the software developer, system engineer, and end user -- to audit and control software energy consumption.This research aims to address four issues. The first investigates the low-level software representations needed to understand, debug, and control a parallel application's performance and energy consumption on heterogeneous architectures (i.e., on a multicore with accelerators). The second develops a hardware/software energy exception framework, whereby meeting expressed energy targets is treated as a requirement for correct computation. The division of labor in this framework tasks hardware with monitoring and reporting energy consumption at fine temporal and spatial granularities, while software is responsible for expressing energy targets and handling cases in which the targets are not met. The third explores the system-wide impacts of this energy monitoring framework using Javascript as a testbed. The focus of this thrust is understanding and balancing the overheads and benefits of energy tracking in real systems. Finally, the fourth examines programmer feedback and incentives required to develop and optimize "responsible" software that runs faster and at lower energy cost. This project will develop the abstractions and tools necessary to bring visibility and control to software energy consumption, important capabilities as energy becomes one of the most critical resources in a computing system.