International Courts, Advocacy Groups and Governance

国际法院、倡导团体和治理

• 批准号: 1322161
• 负责人: Rachel Cichowski
• 金额: $ 22.79万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-08-15 至 2017-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1322161&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: International; Courts; Advocacy; Groups; Governance

In the last fifty years, international courts have incrementally grown in number and in power, changing the environment and institutions for engagement in international relations. These judicial organizations have both empowered and constrained governments to act in ways consistent with interpretations of supranational rights instruments. This project examines whether international courts provide an avenue for enhancing or undermining, societal access and participation in governance. This study analyzes litigation before a supranatiomal court to examine three key questions: (1) To what extent are interest and advocacy groups, from businesses to public interest activists, accessing international judicial institutions? (2) What are the main factors explaining changes in the degree and forms of this participation across time? (3) How and why does involvement in litigation affect governance? The project entails an innovative cross-field research design that draws unique theoretical and methodological links, adapting concepts concerning mobilization to the transnational and international level. The research also advances a more complex understanding of international law and politics, where societal groups, domestic governments and international organizations play an important role in giving meaning to the law and at times transforming laws and policies. The project will produce, analyze and disseminate the first database on interest and advocacy group involvement in international litigation, including both patterns of participation and effects on domestic and international laws. The research benefits society as elite decision-makers within domestic and international institutions are increasingly challenged and pressured to make governance processes more accountable, transparent and accessible. The findings of this project will enable public officials, societal groups and scholars alike to systematically evaluate legal processes with the eye to reform and development of good governance. By making the data widely available, the project will contribute broadly to training students and scholars in governance through judicial institutions.

在过去的50年里，国际法院的数量和权力都在不断增长，改变了参与国际关系的环境和机构。这些司法组织既赋予政府权力，又限制政府以与对超国家权利文书的解释相一致的方式行事。本项目考察国际法院是否为加强或破坏社会参与治理提供了途径。本研究分析了超国家法院的诉讼，以考察三个关键问题：(1)从企业到公益活动家，利益和倡导团体在多大程度上利用国际司法机构？(2)解释这种参与程度和形式随时间变化的主要因素是什么？(3)卷入诉讼如何以及为何影响治理？该项目需要一种创新的跨领域研究设计，将独特的理论和方法联系起来，使有关动员的概念适应跨国和国际一级。这项研究还促进了对国际法和政治的更复杂的理解，其中社会团体，国内政府和国际组织在赋予法律意义和有时改变法律和政策方面发挥着重要作用。该项目将编制、分析和散发关于利益和倡导团体参与国际诉讼的第一个数据库，包括参与方式和对国内法和国际法律的影响。这项研究使社会受益，因为国内和国际机构中的精英决策者面临越来越多的挑战和压力，要求他们使治理过程更负责任、更透明和更容易获得。该项目的研究结果将使公职人员、社会团体和学者能够系统地评价法律程序，着眼于改革和发展善政。通过广泛提供数据，该项目将广泛有助于培训学生和学者通过司法机构进行治理。