Dendroarchaeology of the Gallina

Gallina 的树木考古学

• 批准号: 1322579
• 负责人: Ronald Towner
• 金额: $ 14.53万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-07-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1322579&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dendroarchaeology; Gallina

With support of the National Science Foundation, Dr. Ronald H. Towner and students from the University of Arizona will conduct two seasons of research on the Gallina culture of northern New Mexico. The prehistoric Gallina have long been an enigma. Similar in many ways to other prehistoric Anasazi groups, the Gallina have been defined as a phase, and later, a separate culture. What is known is that the Gallina lived during a time of social and environmental changes that occurred across a broad area, but many questions about the Gallina remain unanswered in part because the Gallina chronologies have not been fully developed. Basic questions regarding Gallina population dynamics, settlement patterns, social organization, and adaptation to environmental change simply cannot be adequately addressed with the current chronological data. This project will remedy this situation for a key portion of the Gallina area. It will also contribute to our understanding of the effects of migration - not on migrants or host communities - but on communities along-the-path of migration streams.This project will significantly enhance understanding of the Gallina in specific and attainable ways. First, researchers will analyze more than two thousand tree-ring samples excavated from major Gallina sites in the 1970s, that were never submitted for analysis. These samples have now been transferred to the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research (LTRR) at the University of Arizona, where they will be analyzed and permanently curated As part of the tree-ring analysis, the team will develop internal site chronologies that will contribute to understanding Gallina social organization and demographics; they will also significantly enlarge the number of Christian-calendar dates and place the Gallina more firmly in time and space. Only one area map exists from earlier work, and it is woefully inadequate. The investigators will use modern Geographic Positioning Systems technology to map the previously excavated sites, and correlate them with the original field maps produced in the 1970s. Producing digital maps will significantly enhance current and future research efforts by providing detailed provenience information at the site, structure, and room level. Existing tree-ring reconstructions of precipitation will be used to elucidate aspects of precipitation variability during the Gallina occupation and relate that variability to Gallina social and demographic change. Finally, all previous and newly generated tree-ring dates from Gallina sites will be synthesized and all of data, except sensitive site locations, will be published on a website hosted by the LTRR. The broader impacts of the project will reach beyond the Gallina. The research will make important contributions toward understanding how and under what conditions various forms of social organization developed in the prehispanic Southwest. Models of such social formation processes will contribute to a broader understanding of human social organization during periods of demographic, climatic, and political stress. This project will result in significant advances in understanding Gallina cultural dynamics and social organization; it will illuminate important aspects of Gallina population dynamics, enhance anthropological theories of mixed-economy social organization, and augment our understanding of the impacts of migration on "intermediate" communities. The project will also contribute toward student training and development by employing both graduate and undergraduate students who will be involved in all phases of the project. It will also demonstrate the utility of existing collections that have been ignored for decades.

在国家科学基金会的支持下，罗纳德H.托纳和亚利桑那大学的学生将对新墨西哥州北方的加利纳文化进行两个季节的研究。史前的Gallina一直是个谜。在许多方面类似于其他史前阿纳萨齐人群体，Gallina被定义为一个阶段，后来，一个独立的文化。已知的是，Gallina生活在一个广泛地区发生的社会和环境变化的时期，但关于Gallina的许多问题仍然没有答案，部分原因是Gallina年表尚未完全发展。关于Gallina人口动态，定居模式，社会组织和适应环境变化的基本问题根本不能充分解决与目前的年代数据。该项目将在Gallina地区的一个关键部分纠正这种情况。它还将有助于我们了解移徙的影响-不是对移徙者或东道社区的影响，而是对移徙流沿途社区的影响，该项目将以具体和可实现的方式大大加强对Gallina的了解。 首先，研究人员将分析20世纪70年代从Gallina主要遗址挖掘出来的2000多个树木年轮样本，这些样本从未提交分析。这些样本现已被转移到亚利桑那大学的树木年轮研究实验室（LTRR），在那里它们将被分析并永久保存。作为树木年轮分析的一部分，该团队将开发内部网站年表，这将有助于了解Gallina的社会组织和人口统计;他们还将大大增加基督教日历日期的数量，并将Gallina更牢固地置于时间和空间中。早期的工作只有一张区域图，而且非常不充分。调查人员将使用现代地理定位系统技术绘制先前挖掘的遗址，并将其与20世纪70年代制作的原始实地地图相关联。制作数字地图将大大提高当前和未来的研究工作，提供详细的出处信息，在网站，结构和房间的水平。现有的降水年轮重建将用于阐明Gallina占领期间降水变化的各个方面，并将该变化与Gallina社会和人口变化联系起来。最后，所有以前和新生成的树木年轮日期从Gallina网站将被合成和所有的数据，除了敏感的网站位置，将被公布在一个网站上主办的LTRR。该项目的更广泛影响将超越Gallina。这项研究将为理解各种形式的社会组织是如何以及在什么条件下在前西班牙西南部发展起来的做出重要贡献。这种社会形成过程的模型将有助于更广泛地理解人类社会组织在人口，气候和政治压力时期。该项目将导致理解加利纳文化动态和社会组织的重大进展;它将阐明加利纳人口动态的重要方面，增强混合经济社会组织的人类学理论，并增强我们对移民对“中间”社区的影响的理解。该项目还将通过雇用研究生和本科生参与项目的各个阶段来促进学生的培训和发展。它还将展示几十年来一直被忽视的现有收藏品的效用。