Collaborative Research: Crime and Community in a Changing Society, the National Neighborhood Crime Study 2

合作研究：不断变化的社会中的犯罪和社区，全国邻里犯罪研究 2

• 批准号: 1356252
• 负责人: Maria Velez
• 金额: $ 14.62万
• 依托单位: University of New Mexico
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-15 至 2017-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1356252&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Crime; Community; Changing

SES-1357207Lauren KrivoRutgers UniversitySES-1356252Maria VelezChristopher LyonsUniversity of New MexicoThe United States recently has undergone considerable social and economic upheaval in communities across the country, especially in the years leading up to and following the Great Recession of the 2000s. Rising unemployment, increased poverty and income inequality, high foreclosure rates, and falling home prices have strained communities and exacerbated inequalities across areas and between racial/ethnic groups in ways that should alter levels and disparities in serious crime. Changing crime, in turn, can alter the fate of neighborhoods as groups and institutions seek to leave or instead remain trapped in high crime areas. Yet, there is a lack of information about the influences of societal conditions and crime on each other in a changing society. This research will answer two fundamental questions: (1) how have social transformations since 2000 affected differences across neighborhoods in their levels of crime?; and (2) to what extent are changing city and neighborhood conditions, including race-ethnic inequality, both causes and consequences of evolving crime patterns? The research team will collect new data for 2010 on crime for over 9,500 neighborhoods in 91 cities and combine these with crime data for 2000 from the first wave of the National Neighborhood Crime Study. Information regarding the social, economic, demographic, political and geographic contexts of cities and neighborhoods will be added to the crime data to produce a comprehensive nationally representative database of urban neighborhoods and crime for 1990 to 2010. These data will be used to analyze the consequences of recent societal changes for crime and neighborhood race-ethnic differences in crime. They will also be used to study how crime shapes social conditions within U.S. communities. The research questions will be addressed using forms of statistical analysis that consider how neighborhoods are embedded within a particular city and metropolitan area, and how neighborhoods that are near one another may affect each other. Broader ImpactsThis research has significant broad impacts in a number of important ways. First, by shedding light on the underlying sources of neighborhood vulnerabilities for rising crime, especially in non-White areas, findings will inform discussions about how to make communities safer. Second, the data collected will be made publically available and, thereby, provide an unprecedented resource for other researchers to further study changes in cities and neighborhoods. Third, the investigators will enhance the training and careers of students from diverse backgrounds by employing students from underrepresented groups to work on data collection and analysis. Fourth, the project will contribute to the intellectual development of a diverse interdisciplinary group of scholars with core interests in race, crime, and justice (the Racial Democracy, Crime, and Justice Network currently funded by the National Science Foundation) by providing members of this network with direct training and early access to the data. Finally, the investigators plan to disseminate theoretical and practical information based upon findings about ways to improve neighborhoods and cities to increase safety within communities through presentations at academic conferences, scholarly publications, and briefings with policymakers.

最近，美国各地的社区都经历了相当大的社会和经济动荡，尤其是在本世纪头十年大衰退之前和之后的几年里。失业率上升、贫困和收入不平等加剧、止赎率高企以及房价下跌使社区紧张，并加剧了地区和种族/族裔群体之间的不平等，这些都应该改变严重犯罪的水平和差异。犯罪的改变反过来又会改变社区的命运，因为团体和机构会寻求离开或留在高犯罪率地区。然而，关于社会条件和犯罪在不断变化的社会中相互影响的信息缺乏。本研究将回答两个基本问题：(1)自2000年以来，社会转型如何影响不同社区的犯罪水平差异？(2)不断变化的城市和社区条件，包括种族和民族不平等，在多大程度上是不断演变的犯罪模式的原因和后果？研究组将收集91个城市9500多个社区的2010年犯罪新数据，并将这些数据与第一次全国社区犯罪调查的2000年犯罪数据相结合。将把有关城市和社区的社会、经济、人口、政治和地理背景的资料添加到犯罪数据中，以便编制1990年至2010年具有全国代表性的城市社区和犯罪综合数据库。这些数据将用于分析近期社会变化对犯罪的影响，以及社区种族和民族在犯罪方面的差异。它们还将用于研究犯罪如何影响美国社区的社会状况。研究问题将使用统计分析的形式来解决，这些分析考虑了社区如何嵌入特定的城市和大都市区，以及邻近的社区如何相互影响。更广泛的影响本研究在许多重要方面具有显著的广泛影响。首先，通过揭示社区脆弱性上升的潜在来源，特别是在非白人地区，研究结果将为如何使社区更安全的讨论提供信息。其次，收集到的数据将公开，从而为其他研究人员进一步研究城市和社区的变化提供前所未有的资源。第三，调查人员将通过雇用来自代表性不足群体的学生从事数据收集和分析工作，加强对不同背景学生的培训和职业发展。第四，该项目将通过为该网络成员提供直接培训和早期访问数据，促进对种族、犯罪和司法（种族民主、犯罪和司法网络，目前由美国国家科学基金会资助）有核心兴趣的多元化跨学科学者群体的智力发展。最后，研究人员计划通过在学术会议、学术出版物和政策制定者简报会上发表演讲，传播有关改善社区和城市以增加社区安全的方法的理论和实践信息。