II-EN: Ensayo II: An Enhanced Virtual Emergency Operation Center (EOC) for Research and Training in Disaster Management

II-EN：Ensayo II：用于灾害管理研究和培训的增强型虚拟应急操作中心 (EOC)

• 批准号: 1405912
• 负责人: Gregory Madey
• 金额: $ 57.75万
• 依托单位: University of Notre Dame
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-01 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1405912&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: II; EN; Ensayo; Enhanced; Virtual

When disasters occur, they can severely impact the health and disrupt the continuity of communities. Emergency operations centers (EOCs) are temporary organizations that emerge to respond to disasters by bringing together dozens of private and public organizations to communicate, coordinate, and collaborate to ensure the continuity of the community. They have primary responsibility for public safety under the guidelines of the National Incident Management System (NIMS). Yet, EOCs are rarely engaged outside of a disaster situation, so there is little empirical data to provide insight into their processes and performance to support improvements. Observational research on such events is difficult; experimental research is even more difficult. The goal of this infrastructure enhancement project is to further develop an organizational simulation of an EOC, called Ensayo, that reflects a wide variety of EOC forms. The goal of Ensayo is not to model a disaster, but to model the organization that responds to a disaster. The simulation will be based on an initial prototype and developed with the collaboration of the the Miami-Dade Office of Emergency Management and partners in its EOC. Ensayo affords not only a research tool for academics, but also a resource for education, training and policy analysis for communities of practice who engage in an emergency operations event.Ensayo II will be a reformulation and elaboration of the Ensayo infrastructure developed with prior NSF funding, based on experiences with the earlier project. The project has four major goals. First, Ensayo II will evolve the architecture and functionality of Ensayo. Experience with Ensayo has revealed the importance of crossing disciplinary boundaries (cognitive science, human-computer interaction, computer science, organizational science, systems engineering) in order to understand, model, and support the complexities of an emergency management decision-making structure. Second, the system will incorporate new collaboration and communication elements that are now found in EOCs. For example, Miami-Dade was one of the first to formally address and integrate into their structure a business recovery function. Third, the system will support informational and decision modeling and tracking. Entities in an EOC are generally guided by specific rules of communication and authority, both from within and without. Tracking (or simulating) decisions and information flow under various organizational stressors can provide unique predictive and explanatory insights into the social dynamics of EOC structures. Finally, the project will move from a prototype to an enhanced, operational research infrastructure that can be deployed as a core, open-source project. Through Ensayo II's improved infrastructure, researchers can investigate EOC structures in situ and probe the micro-mechanisms that underlie EOC choices impacting business and society.

当灾害发生时，可能会严重影响健康并破坏社区的连续性。紧急行动中心 (EOC) 是为应对灾难而出现的临时组织，通过汇集数十个私人和公共组织进行沟通、协调和协作，以确保社区的连续性。根据国家事件管理系统 (NIMS) 的指导方针，他们对公共安全负有主要责任。然而，EOC 很少在灾难情况之外参与，因此几乎没有经验数据来深入了解其流程和绩效以支持改进。对此类事件进行观察研究很困难；实验研究更是困难重重。该基础设施增强项目的目标是进一步开发 EOC 的组织模拟，称为 Ensayo，反映各种 EOC 形式。 Ensayo 的目标不是模拟灾难，而是模拟应对灾难的组织。该模拟将基于初始原型，并与迈阿密戴德市应急管理办公室及其 EOC 合作伙伴合作开发。 Ensayo 不仅为学术界提供了研究工具，还为参与紧急行动活动的实践社区提供了教育、培训和政策分析的资源。Ensayo II 将是对 Ensayo 基础设施的重新制定和完善，该基础设施由先前的 NSF 资助开发，基于早期项目的经验。该项目有四个主要目标。首先，Ensayo II 将改进 Ensayo 的架构和功能。 Ensayo 的经验揭示了跨越学科界限（认知科学、人机交互、计算机科学、组织科学、系统工程）的重要性，以理解、建模和支持应急管理决策结构的复杂性。其次，该系统将纳入 EOC 中现有的新协作和通信元素。例如，迈阿密戴德大学是最早正式解决业务恢复功能并将其纳入其结构的公司之一。第三，该系统将支持信息和决策建模和跟踪。 EOC 中的实体通常受到内部和外部的特定沟通和权力规则的指导。跟踪（或模拟）各种组织压力源下的决策和信息流可以为 EOC 结构的社会动态提供独特的预测和解释性见解。最后，该项目将从原型转变为增强的运营研究基础设施，可以作为核心开源项目进行部署。通过 Ensayo II 改进的基础设施，研究人员可以实地调查 EOC 结构，并探究影响商业和社会的 EOC 选择背后的微观机制。