II-EN: Ensayo II: An Enhanced Virtual Emergency Operation Center (EOC) for Research and Training in Disaster Management

当灾害发生时，它们会严重影响健康并破坏社区的连续性。紧急行动中心（EOC）是一种临时组织，通过将数十个私人和公共组织聚集在一起进行沟通，协调和合作以确保社区的连续性来应对灾害。根据国家事故管理系统（NIMS）的指导方针，他们对公共安全负有主要责任。然而，EOC很少参与灾难情况之外的工作，因此几乎没有经验数据来深入了解其流程和绩效，以支持改进。对这类事件的观察研究是困难的;实验研究更是困难。这一基础设施增强项目的目标是进一步开发一个名为Ensayo的EOC组织模拟，它反映了各种EOC形式。Ensayo的目标不是模拟灾难，而是模拟应对灾难的组织。模拟将基于初始原型，并与迈阿密-戴德应急管理办公室及其EOC合作伙伴合作开发。Ensayo不仅为学术界提供了一个研究工具，也为从事紧急行动活动的实践社区提供了教育、培训和政策分析的资源。Ensayo II将是对Ensayo基础设施的重新制定和阐述，该基础设施是在先前NSF资助的基础上开发的，并以早期项目的经验为基础。该项目有四个主要目标。首先，Ensayo II将改进Ensayo的架构和功能。Ensayo的经验揭示了跨越学科界限（认知科学，人机交互，计算机科学，组织科学，系统工程）的重要性，以便理解，建模和支持应急管理决策结构的复杂性。第二，该系统将纳入EOC中现有的新的协作和沟通要素。例如，迈阿密戴德是第一个正式处理业务恢复职能并将其纳入其结构的机构。第三，该系统将支持信息和决策建模和跟踪。平等机会委员会内的实体一般都受到内部和外部的具体沟通和权力规则的指导。跟踪（或模拟）各种组织压力下的决策和信息流可以提供独特的预测和解释性的见解EOC结构的社会动态。最后，该项目将从一个原型转变为一个增强的、可操作的研究基础设施，可以作为一个核心的开源项目部署。通过Ensayo II改进的基础设施，研究人员可以原位调查EOC结构，并探索影响企业和社会的EOC选择的微观机制。

When disasters occur, they can severely impact the health and disrupt the continuity of communities. Emergency operations centers (EOCs) are temporary organizations that emerge to respond to disasters by bringing together dozens of private and public organizations to communicate, coordinate, and collaborate to ensure the continuity of the community. They have primary responsibility for public safety under the guidelines of the National Incident Management System (NIMS). Yet, EOCs are rarely engaged outside of a disaster situation, so there is little empirical data to provide insight into their processes and performance to support improvements. Observational research on such events is difficult; experimental research is even more difficult. The goal of this infrastructure enhancement project is to further develop an organizational simulation of an EOC, called Ensayo, that reflects a wide variety of EOC forms. The goal of Ensayo is not to model a disaster, but to model the organization that responds to a disaster. The simulation will be based on an initial prototype and developed with the collaboration of the the Miami-Dade Office of Emergency Management and partners in its EOC. Ensayo affords not only a research tool for academics, but also a resource for education, training and policy analysis for communities of practice who engage in an emergency operations event.Ensayo II will be a reformulation and elaboration of the Ensayo infrastructure developed with prior NSF funding, based on experiences with the earlier project. The project has four major goals. First, Ensayo II will evolve the architecture and functionality of Ensayo. Experience with Ensayo has revealed the importance of crossing disciplinary boundaries (cognitive science, human-computer interaction, computer science, organizational science, systems engineering) in order to understand, model, and support the complexities of an emergency management decision-making structure. Second, the system will incorporate new collaboration and communication elements that are now found in EOCs. For example, Miami-Dade was one of the first to formally address and integrate into their structure a business recovery function. Third, the system will support informational and decision modeling and tracking. Entities in an EOC are generally guided by specific rules of communication and authority, both from within and without. Tracking (or simulating) decisions and information flow under various organizational stressors can provide unique predictive and explanatory insights into the social dynamics of EOC structures. Finally, the project will move from a prototype to an enhanced, operational research infrastructure that can be deployed as a core, open-source project. Through Ensayo II's improved infrastructure, researchers can investigate EOC structures in situ and probe the micro-mechanisms that underlie EOC choices impacting business and society.