The Institutional Foundations of Judicial Independence

司法独立的制度基础

• 批准号: 1424013
• 负责人: Matthew Hall
• 金额: $ 12.81万
• 依托单位: University of Notre Dame
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-15 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1424013&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Institutional; Foundations; Judicial; Independence

The state courts of last resort are significant final decisionmakers in many areas states govern, including family, many business disputes, and criminal law. Second, it has long been a matter of common scholarly wisdom that courts do not tend to go against dominant political coalitions or major public policy initiatives of executives who are in power. We have little understanding of the mechanisms, and whether judicial selection methods matter or whether public opinion seems to influence decisions. We also have little systematic evidence over time about what these state courts of last resort do, or how decisions are influenced by public opinion or methods of judicial selection. While some databases have been assembled, they have been coded by hand. Advances in machine learning allow coding of cases for subject matter and date of a much larger number of cases than we currently have available. The database of cases this project will generate will be useful to many scholars.The development of web-scraping software tools for state court of last resort decisions is a significant innovation in the field, allowing coding of a much broader range of cases than have currently been available to scholars. The plan to check machine coding with human coders will allow assessment of these new tools. This project will allow assessing change over time in courts and influences on judicial decisions in a way that relies on the most current methodologies regarding measuring public opinion and judicial decisions.

州终审法院是州管辖的许多领域的重要最终决策者，包括家庭，许多商业纠纷和刑法。 其次，长期以来，学术界普遍认为，法院不会倾向于反对占主导地位的政治联盟或掌权行政人员的重大公共政策倡议。 我们对这些机制知之甚少，也不知道司法选择方法是否重要，或者公众舆论是否似乎会影响决定。 随着时间的推移，我们也几乎没有系统的证据来证明这些州法院的最终手段是什么，或者判决如何受到公众舆论或司法选择方法的影响。 虽然有些数据库已经汇编，但它们是手工编码的。 机器学习的进步允许对案件的主题和日期进行编码，这些案件的数量比我们目前可用的要多得多。 这个项目将产生的案例数据库将对许多学者有用。为州终审法院的判决开发网络抓取软件工具是该领域的一项重大创新，允许编码比目前学者可用的更广泛的案例。 与人类编码员一起检查机器编码的计划将允许对这些新工具进行评估。 该项目将允许评估法院随着时间的推移而发生的变化以及对司法裁决的影响，其方式依赖于衡量公众舆论和司法裁决的最新方法。