US-Mexico Planning Visits and Pilot Project on the Social-Ecology of Leptospirosis in an Urban-Rural Gradient

美墨城乡梯度钩端螺旋体病社会生态规划考察及试点

• 批准号: 1425256
• 负责人: Claudia Munoz-Zanzi
• 金额: $ 7.5万
• 依托单位: University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-10-01 至 2016-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1425256&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: US; Mexico; Planning; Visits; Pilot

Leptospirosis, an infection of importance for animal and public health, is caused by Leptospira bacteria that can be transmitted from animals to humans. It is responsible for reportedly one million human cases worldwide each year and, an undetermined, but potentially high deleterious impact on animal productivity. Environmental factors, poor living conditions, and occupations leading to contact with animals are among the determinants of infection. The proposed project will bring together investigators from the U.S. and Mexico to identify critical research questions on the combined influence of social, cultural, and ecological factors on Leptospira transmission and to develop follow-on innovative research investigations. The project and new collaborations will also represent the initial step of a larger, coordinated regional effort on leptospirosis research in Central America. Broader impacts include cross-training of U.S. and Mexican researchers, training opportunities for U.S. students, and assisting local community leaders and public/animal health authorities with disease control efforts. The mechanisms involved in the transmission of leptospirosis and the ecological and sociological factors that affect the likelihood of human and animal infection are poorly understood. A major factor is the lack of truly integrated and multi-disciplinary research. In Mexico, as in many other developing countries, leptospirosis is an under-studied disease. The main objectives of this project are to: 1) formally bring together a new multi-disciplinary team of U.S. and Mexican experts in the areas of epidemiology, ecology, mathematical modeling, environmental risk assessment, program assessment, and anthropology 2) generate follow-on research based on the evaluation of existing data and the main gaps and needs in the current knowledge of leptospirosis drivers and impact; and 3) summarize the status of leptospirosis in people, animals, and the environment, as well as social, demographic and ecological conditions, in the study areas of south-east Mexico city and Yucatan. The objectives will be accomplished through a series of visits by the U.S. researchers and students to plan, coordinate, and execute the project. This initial project will produce novel information on leptospirosis in Mexico and prepare the research team for further investigations on the ecological and sociological elements that influence human and animal infection and in a rural-urban gradient.

钩端螺旋体病是一种对动物和公共卫生具有重要意义的感染，由可从动物传播给人类的钩端螺旋体细菌引起。 据报道，每年全球有100万例人类病例，对动物生产力的影响尚未确定，但可能很大。 环境因素、恶劣的生活条件和导致与动物接触的职业是感染的决定因素。 拟议的项目将汇集来自美国和墨西哥的研究人员，以确定社会，文化和生态因素对钩端螺旋体传播的综合影响的关键研究问题，并开发后续创新研究调查。 该项目和新的合作也将是中美洲钩端螺旋体病研究方面更大规模、协调一致的区域努力的第一步。 更广泛的影响包括美国和墨西哥研究人员的交叉培训，美国学生的培训机会，以及协助当地社区领导人和公共/动物卫生当局的疾病控制工作。 人们对钩端螺旋体病传播的机制以及影响人类和动物感染可能性的生态和社会学因素知之甚少。 一个主要因素是缺乏真正综合的多学科研究。 在墨西哥，与许多其他发展中国家一样，钩端螺旋体病是一种研究不足的疾病。 该项目的主要目标是：1）正式汇集一个新的多学科团队美国和墨西哥专家在流行病学，生态学，数学建模，环境风险评估，项目评估和人类学领域2）产生后续研究的基础上评估现有数据和主要差距和需求，在目前的知识钩端螺旋体病的驱动因素和影响; 3）总结墨西哥城东南部和尤卡坦半岛研究区人群、动物和环境中钩端螺旋体病的状况，以及社会、人口和生态条件。 这些目标将通过美国研究人员和学生的一系列访问来实现，以计划，协调和执行项目。 这一初步项目将产生关于墨西哥钩端螺旋体病的新信息，并为研究小组进一步调查影响人类和动物感染以及城乡梯度的生态和社会因素做好准备。