Cerro Magoni Mapping and Excavation Project

马戈尼山测绘和挖掘项目

• 批准号: 1433147
• 负责人: J. Heath Anderson
• 金额: $ 0.23万
• 依托单位: Minnesota State University, Mankato
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-12-04 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1433147&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Cerro; Magoni; Mapping; Excavation; Project

With National Science Foundation support, Dr. J. Heath Anderson and a team of Mexican colleagues will conduct the first intensive archaeological exploration of Cerro Magoni, a site in Central Mexico in imminent danger of destruction. Cerro Magoni is located just north of Mexico City in an area called the Mezquital Valley, which is best known as the location of the site of Tula, the capital of the Toltec state (AD 950 - 1150). The project addresses a recent resurgence in scholarly interest in the collapse and regeneration of complex societies. This topic has been of interest to anthropological archaeologists since the 1970s and 1980s and continues to be an important focus of investigation and critical debate. The research tests an emerging model for the regeneration of complex society in the Tula area in Central Mexico ca. AD 550 - 950, a time period called the Epiclassic. From approximately 0 to 550 AD, the Tula area was integrated into the political and economic networks of Teotihuacán, located to the southeast in the Basin of Mexico, which was the capital of Mesoamerica's first empire and the largest urban center at the time. Four centuries later, power and population were again centralized in the form of Tula Grande, a densely occupied city in its own right located to the northwest of the Basin, and the capital of the Toltec state. The processes involved in the regeneration of complex society in the Tula area during the intervening centuries remain unknown. Over the past six years, ceramic analysis and new radiocarbon dates have indicated that the political landscape during this period might have been much more fractious than was previously thought. Several centers once thought to have been occupied at different times may have in fact been contemporaneous, competing political units that ultimately coalesced into the Toltec state. Absent from these reconstructions, however, is Cerro Magoni, which according to surface survey data was the most extensive and populous settlement in the region during the Epiclassic. However, reliable information derived from excavation regarding the site's true span of occupation is not available. This is critical for testing the emerging multicentric model.The research provides insight through a program of topographic mapping and stratigraphic excavation. Unfortunately, real estate developers are in the process of purchasing Cerro Magoni to construct a luxury housing development on the site, which will destroy most if not all of the prehispanic remains. The summer of 2012 may be the last opportunity to map and explore this site before its integrity is severely compromised. The project will improve the production, curation, management, and sharing of archaeological data at Tula by producing a digital database to centralize and back up perishable paper records to improve organization and access. This project also facilitates involvement of local populations in archaeological projects, providing training in archaeological laboratory analysis techniques, continuing a tradition of local involvement in archaeological projects at Tula that spans more than 70 years.

在国家科学基金会的支持下，J. Heath Anderson 博士和墨西哥同事团队将对马戈尼山进行首次密集考古勘探，该地点位于墨西哥中部，面临着迫在眉睫的破坏危险。 马戈尼山 (Cerro Magoni) 位于墨西哥城北部一个名为梅斯基塔尔山谷 (Mezquital Valley) 的地区，该地区因托尔特克州首府图拉 (公元 950 - 1150 年) 所在地而闻名。 该项目解决了最近学术界对复杂社会的崩溃和再生的兴趣的复苏。 自 20 世纪 70 年代和 80 年代以来，这个话题一直引起人类学考古学家的兴趣，并且仍然是调查和批判性辩论的重要焦点。该研究测试了墨西哥中部图拉地区复杂社会再生的新兴模型。公元550年至950年，这个时期被称为史诗时期。 大约从公元0年到550年，图拉地区被纳入位于墨西哥盆地东南部的特奥蒂瓦坎的政治和经济网络，特奥蒂瓦坎是中美洲第一个帝国的首都和当时最大的城市中心。 四个世纪后，权力和人口再次以图拉格兰德的形式集中，这是一座人口稠密的城市，位于盆地西北部，也是托尔特克国家的首府。在此期间的几个世纪里，图拉地区复杂社会的重建过程仍然未知。 在过去的六年里，陶瓷分析和新的放射性碳年代测定表明，这一时期的政治格局可能比之前想象的更加动荡。 曾经被认为在不同时期被占领的几个中心实际上可能是同时代的、相互竞争的政治单位，最终合并为托尔特克国家。 然而，这些重建中没有马戈尼山，根据地表调查数据，该山是史诗时期该地区面积最大、人口最多的定居点。 然而，从挖掘中获得的有关该遗址真实占用范围的可靠信息尚不可用。 这对于测试新兴的多中心模型至关重要。该研究通过地形测绘和地层挖掘计划提供了见解。不幸的是，房地产开发商正在购买马戈尼山，以便在该地建造豪华住宅开发项目，这将摧毁大部分（如果不是全部）前西班牙遗迹。 2012 年夏天可能是在其完整性受到严重损害之前绘制和探索该地点的最后机会。该项目将通过创建数字数据库来集中和备份易腐烂的纸质记录，从而改善组织和访问，从而改善图拉考古数据的生产、整理、管理和共享。 该项目还促进当地居民参与考古项目，提供考古实验室分析技术培训，延续了图拉当地70多年来参与考古项目的传统。