Simulation of Collapse Behavior and Field Testing of Masonry Buildings

虽然砌体材料在重力荷载下具有固有的强度，但承重砌体墙在侧向地震、风或冲击荷载下很容易失效，导致建筑物倒塌。准确评估承重砌体建筑的倒塌潜力，提高其抗倒塌能力，是提高国家基础设施抵御人为和自然灾害能力的关键研究需求。该项目的主要目的是通过物理测试和记录现有多层砌体建筑在计划拆除期间的实验证据。该项目旨在回答这样一个问题：如果一个或多个墙突然被拆除，那么多层建筑中承重砌体墙上的重力载荷是如何重新分配的？这个问题的答案将提高对砖石建筑倒塌风险的认识。由于缺乏实验数据和分析这种复杂结构系统的难度，对承重砌体建筑内的倒塌和荷载重分配机制尚未得到很好的理解。在校园现有砖石建筑的拆除过程中，将使用一种新颖的立体视觉数据采集系统来捕捉动态倒塌过程。此外，其他传感器将记录变形和重新分配的负载在控制墙壁拆除。该项目将为全尺寸建筑提供急需的实验数据，以验证计算模型的结果，如文献中报道的轴向弹簧模型。数值研究结合实测试验响应，将对砌体建筑因一面墙或多面墙突然损失而发生的动力倒塌机制进行表征。独特的实验数据将被存档，以供其他研究人员将来使用。

While masonry materials are inherently strong under gravity loads, loadbearing masonry walls can easily fail under lateral earthquake, wind or impact loads, causing collapse of the building. Accurate evaluation of collapse potential and improvement of collapse resistance of loadbearing masonry buildings are critical research needs to increase the resilience of nation's infrastructure against man-made and natural hazards. The major objective of this project is to generate experimental evidence by physically testing and recording existing multi-story masonry buildings during their scheduled demolition. The project aims to answer the question: How are the gravity loads on a loadbearing masonry wall redistributed within a multi-story building if one or more walls are suddenly removed? The answers to this question will improve understanding of collapse risk of masonry buildings.The mechanics of collapse and redistribution of loads within a loadbearing masonry building has not been well understood because of lack of experimental data and the difficulty in analyzing this complex structural system. During the demolition of existing masonry buildings on the campus a novel stereo visual data collection system will be used to capture the dynamic collapse process. In addition, other sensors will record deformation and redistribution of loads during controlled removal of walls. This project will provide much needed experimental data on full-scale buildings to validate the results of computational models, such as the axial spring models, reported in the literature. The numerical research, along with the measured experimental response, will characterize the dynamic collapse mechanism of masonry buildings due to sudden loss of one or more walls. The unique experimental data will be archived for future use by other researchers.