Simulation of Collapse Behavior and Field Testing of Masonry Buildings

虽然砖石材料在重力荷载下具有固有的坚固性，但承重砖墙在横向地震、风或冲击荷载下很容易倒塌，导致建筑物倒塌。准确评估承重砖混结构建筑的倒塌潜力和提高其抗倒塌能力，是提高国家基础设施抵御人为和自然灾害能力的关键研究需要。该项目的主要目标是通过在预定的拆除过程中对现有的多层砖石建筑进行物理测试和记录来产生实验证据。该项目旨在回答这样一个问题：如果一面或多面墙突然被拆除，承重砖墙上的重力荷载如何在多层建筑内重新分配？对这个问题的回答将有助于加深对房屋倒塌风险的理解。由于缺乏试验数据和分析复杂结构体系的困难，承重房屋内部的倒塌和荷载重分布的力学机制一直没有得到很好的了解。在拆除校园内既有砖砌建筑的过程中，将使用一种新颖的立体视觉数据采集系统来捕捉动态倒塌过程。此外，其他传感器将记录在受控拆除墙体期间的变形和荷载重新分布。该项目将提供急需的全尺寸建筑物的实验数据，以验证计算模型的结果，例如文献中报道的轴向弹簧模型。数值研究将结合实测的试验响应，描述由于一个或多个墙体突然丧失而导致的砖混结构建筑的动力倒塌机理。这些独特的实验数据将被存档，以供其他研究人员未来使用。

While masonry materials are inherently strong under gravity loads, loadbearing masonry walls can easily fail under lateral earthquake, wind or impact loads, causing collapse of the building. Accurate evaluation of collapse potential and improvement of collapse resistance of loadbearing masonry buildings are critical research needs to increase the resilience of nation's infrastructure against man-made and natural hazards. The major objective of this project is to generate experimental evidence by physically testing and recording existing multi-story masonry buildings during their scheduled demolition. The project aims to answer the question: How are the gravity loads on a loadbearing masonry wall redistributed within a multi-story building if one or more walls are suddenly removed? The answers to this question will improve understanding of collapse risk of masonry buildings.The mechanics of collapse and redistribution of loads within a loadbearing masonry building has not been well understood because of lack of experimental data and the difficulty in analyzing this complex structural system. During the demolition of existing masonry buildings on the campus a novel stereo visual data collection system will be used to capture the dynamic collapse process. In addition, other sensors will record deformation and redistribution of loads during controlled removal of walls. This project will provide much needed experimental data on full-scale buildings to validate the results of computational models, such as the axial spring models, reported in the literature. The numerical research, along with the measured experimental response, will characterize the dynamic collapse mechanism of masonry buildings due to sudden loss of one or more walls. The unique experimental data will be archived for future use by other researchers.