Collaborative Research: Experimental Investigation of Micrometeoroid Ablation

合作研究：微流星体消融的实验研究

• 批准号: 1451218
• 负责人: Zoltan Sternovsky
• 金额: $ 3万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-15 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1451218&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Experimental; Investigation; Micrometeoroid

In this project, a laboratory a study aimed at measuring the evaporation rate and ionization efficiency of particles representing interplanetary dust particles will be combined with models to interpret radar measurements of meteor head echoes in the Earth's atmosphere, which are generated by ablation. Much of the laboratory work, which utilizes a dust accelerator facility at the U. of Colorado, is being funded by NASA. The NSF project will focus on interpreting meteor radar measurements performed at sites including Poker Flat, AK, Arecibo, PR, Jicamarca, Peru, and radars in Argentina, Japan and Norway. NSF will support the coordination between the laboratory results, modeling, and radar data interpretation, as well as undergraduate student participation in the laboratory measurements.Layers of neutral metal atoms, such as Fe, Mg, Ca, K and Na, which peak between 85 and 95 km and are ~20 km in width, are produced by the daily ablation of Interplanetary Dust Particles. Once the meteoric metals are injected into the Earth's upper atmosphere they are responsible for a range of phenomena in addition to the formation of layers of metal atoms and ions, such as nucleation of noctilucent clouds; impacts on stratospheric aerosols and ozone chemistry; and fertilization of the ocean with bio-available iron. Current estimates for the total mass of the micrometeoroid input that is ablated in the upper atmosphere vary by two orders of magnitude. The accurate determination of the total incoming mass is relevant to determining vertical transport in the middle atmosphere and to the surface, and our understanding of dust evolution in the solar system. Radar detection of micrometeors is a widely used technique to constrain the mass input. The laboratory work undertaken by the U. of Colorado will provide much improved measurements of the key parameter needed to interpret these measurements: the ionization efficiency during the ablation process upon atmospheric entry.

在这个项目中，一个实验室将进行一项旨在测量代表行星际尘埃颗粒的粒子的蒸发率和电离效率的研究，并将结合模型来解释地球大气层中流星头回波的雷达测量结果，这些回波是由烧蚀产生的。大部分的实验室工作，其中利用粉尘加速器设施在美国。由美国宇航局资助。国家科学基金会的项目将侧重于解释在扑克坪、AK、阿雷西博、PR、Jicamarca、秘鲁等地进行的流星雷达测量，以及阿根廷、日本和挪威的雷达。NSF将支持实验室结果、建模和雷达数据解释之间的协调，以及本科生参与实验室测量。中性金属原子层，如Fe，Mg，Ca，K和Na，峰值在85和95公里之间，宽度约为20公里，是由行星际尘埃颗粒的日常消融产生的。流星金属一旦注入地球的高层大气，除了形成金属原子和离子层外，还会造成一系列现象，例如：冰碛云的成核作用;对平流层气溶胶和臭氧化学的影响;以及用生物可利用的铁使海洋肥沃。目前对在高层大气中烧蚀的微流星体输入的总质量的估计相差两个数量级。准确确定入射的总质量关系到确定中层大气和表面的垂直传输，以及我们对太阳系尘埃演化的理解。微流星的雷达探测是一种广泛使用的限制质量输入的技术。美国国家实验室所进行的实验工作。科罗拉多大学的GC-MS将为解释这些测量结果所需的关键参数提供更好的测量结果：进入大气层后烧蚀过程中的电离效率。