Mountain Stream Sediment Transport

显示项目重要性和意义的项目的非技术描述。河流和溪流的环境对生活在这些流动水域及其周围的野生动物很重要。沉积在河床上的沉积物，以及这些物质如何移动，是不同物种生存或繁衍能力的关键组成部分。然而，关于泥沙运动过程的第一手资料非常有限，而且很难获得。该项目将收集俄勒冈州西部一条砾石床山溪中颗粒运动的数据，这条山溪是银鲑的基本栖息地。了解这些砾石如何以及何时移动将有助于制定策略，以保护河流的适当区域，以鼓励这些鱼产卵和觅食。该项目还将采用创新的仪器解决方案，通过嵌入式应答器主动监测砾石的移动，这将有助于模拟其他重要位置的河流运输。本研究中使用的小型水电系统的发展可能为在太阳能不实用的偏远地区向仪器输送电力提供可靠的手段。该项目将与来自俄勒冈州苏斯瓦夫国家森林的管理人员和科学家合作，他们积极参与溪流恢复。该研究将为研究生提供研究项目，并为本科生研究助理提供研究经验。该项目的技术描述本项目将开发仪器，以连续测量沉积物的输送和流动，以及测量详细的水流水力学、河道几何形状和主要粗糙度元素，以便建立预测充满碎屑的山溪中沉积物输送的经验关系。固定天线阵列将监测嵌入无源集成应答器（PIT）标签的砾石的移动，测井压力传感器将监测天线之间的流动级，从而监测天线处的水面梯度。水流水力学、河道地形、河床结构和流内碎屑的详细特征将为描述总边界剪切应力、形成阻力和表面摩擦与经验关系提供必要的数据。一个小型水电系统将可持续地为位于雨季云层和地形限制日照的地点的天线阵列供电。实地工作将在一条陡峭的溪流中完成，在那里放置了大木材，为当地的银鲑觅食创造了庇护所和泛滥平原。可持续的栖息地改善可能取决于对大型木结构附近沉积物如何移动的可靠预测。

A non-technical description of the project that shows the project's importance and significanceThe environment of rivers and streams is important to wildlife that lives in and around these flowing waters. The sediment that accumulates on the riverbed, and how this material moves, is a critical component of the ability of different species to survive or flourish. However, first-hand knowledge of the processes of sediment movement is very limited and difficult to obtain. This project will collect data on the movement of particles in a gravel-bed mountain stream in western Oregon that is a fundamental habitat for Coho salmon. Knowing how and when these gravels move will help develop strategies for preserving proper areas of the stream to encourage the spawning and foraging of these fish. This project will also apply innovative instrumental solutions to actively monitor the movement of gravel through embedded transponders that will help model river transport in other important locations. The development of the small-scale hydropower system used in this research may provide a reliable means for delivering power to instruments in remote locations where solar power is not practical. The project will work with managers and scientists from the Siuslaw National Forest (Oregon), who are actively engaged in stream restoration. The study will provide research projects for a graduate student and research experience for undergraduate research assistants. A technical description of the projectThis project will develop instrumentation to make continuous measurements of sediment transport and flow, as well as measurements of detailed flow hydraulics, channel geometry, and major roughness elements, in order to develop empirical relationships predicting sediment transport in debris-laden mountain streams. A fixed antenna array will monitor movement of gravel embedded with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags, and logging pressure transducers will monitor flow stage between antennas and, thus, water surface gradient at the antennas. Detailed characterization of flow hydraulics, channel topography, bed texture, and in-stream debris will round out the data necessary to characterize total boundary shear stress, form drag, and skin friction with empirical relationships. A small-scale hydropower system will sustainably power the antenna array at a site where clouds and topography limit sunshine during the rainy season. The field effort will be accomplished in a steep stream where large wood is placed to create shelter and floodplain inundation for foraging by native Coho salmon. Sustainable habitat improvements may hinge on reliable prediction of how sediment moves in the vicinity of large wood structures.