The Role of Protein Phosphatases in Plant Stem Cell Production

蛋白磷酸酶在植物干细胞生产中的作用

• 批准号: 1455607
• 负责人: Zachary Nimchuk
• 金额: $ 55万
• 依托单位: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-15 至 2019-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1455607&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Role; Protein; Phosphatases; Plant; Stem

All plant biomass on the planet is derived ultimately from the production of stem cells, populations of self-renewing cells that drive plant development in every tissue. The maintenance of plant stem cell populations depends on communication pathways between the stem cells and neighboring accessory cells. Determining how these communication pathways function is critical to understanding how plant stem cell function has been altered during domestication and evolution, and how it might be harnessed to drive further crop improvement. This project aims to understand the signaling pathways that control communication between stem cells and neighboring cells. It uses novel genetic systems and biochemical approaches to look at key regulators of receptors that control stem cell production in order to elucidate how they control receptor signaling. This project is also identifying critical signals that are involved after receptors in stem cell control.Plant domestication and evolution are associated with changes in stem cell proliferation. Despite the importance of plant stem cells, there is little understanding of the signaling pathways that control plant stem cell proliferation. This research is helping fill that gap by identifying signaling components and target genes that regulate plant stem cell production in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. It is creating genome-wide datasets and identifying new loci that will help dissect how stem cell pathways have shaped plant form and function. Altering plant development, through the manipulation of stem cell activity, has the promise to boost crop and biofuel production. This research focuses directly on this target, by identifying key regulators of plant stem cell production that can ultimately be deployed to enhance crop growth and yield. In addition, the project is advancing scientific outreach by creating a high school learning program to educate students on the coming global food crisis, and about how scientists are using biotechnology and plant development to create solutions to this challenge. This project will also train a graduate student and multiple undergraduate students.

地球上所有植物生物量最终都来自干细胞的产生，干细胞是一群自我更新的细胞，驱动植物每个组织的发育。植物干细胞群体的维持依赖于干细胞与邻近辅助细胞之间的通讯途径。 确定这些通信途径如何发挥作用对于理解植物干细胞功能在驯化和进化过程中如何改变以及如何利用它来推动进一步的作物改良至关重要。该项目旨在了解控制干细胞和邻近细胞之间通信的信号通路。 它使用新的遗传系统和生物化学方法来研究控制干细胞产生的受体的关键调节因子，以阐明它们如何控制受体信号传导。该项目还确定了参与干细胞控制的受体后的关键信号。植物驯化和进化与干细胞增殖的变化有关。 尽管植物干细胞的重要性，有很少的了解控制植物干细胞增殖的信号通路。 这项研究通过识别调节模式植物拟南芥中植物干细胞产生的信号成分和靶基因来帮助填补这一空白。它正在创建全基因组数据集，并确定新的基因座，这将有助于剖析干细胞途径如何塑造植物的形态和功能。通过操纵干细胞活性来改变植物发育，有望促进作物和生物燃料的生产。这项研究直接关注这一目标，通过确定植物干细胞生产的关键调控因子，最终可以用于提高作物生长和产量。此外，该项目还通过创建一个高中学习计划来推动科学推广，教育学生了解即将到来的全球粮食危机，以及科学家如何利用生物技术和植物开发来解决这一挑战。该项目还将培养一名研究生和多名本科生。