Documentation of Gutob, An Endangered Munda Language of India

古托布语是印度中东部奥里萨邦的一种严重濒危且描述贫乏的语言。在古托布发现了许多不寻常的建筑，其中一些可以追溯到古代的南蒙达。例如，名词合并允许将一系列语义角色合并到动词中。例如，“I wash my hand”在古托布语中被表达为“I wash-hand”，而“hand”被并入动词中，形成了一个新的动词“wash-hand”。此外，同一个名词可以出现在动词中，也可以作为一个独立的名词出现；例如，“I my hand wash-hand”。濒危语言活体语言研究所的格雷戈里·安德森和斯沃斯莫尔学院的k·大卫·哈里森将在这项为期两年的资助中与印度学者合作，为古托布语创建一个全面的科学描述（参考语法、分析口语样本的语料库和分析词典）。他们将深入分析名词合并和其他类型学上独特的古托布结构。由于古托布语在其历史上一直与基因上不相关的语言接触，安德森和哈里森也将调查古托布语通过接触而变化的程度和性质。通过与当地学者的互动和指导，研究人员将为奥里萨邦的进一步语言文档建立基础设施。在项目期间收集的所有Gutob音频和视频数据，以及转录和翻译，将从太平洋和地区濒危文化数字资源档案馆免费获取。在线Gutob Talking Dictionary将在talkingdictionary.org网站上免费提供。本项目由美国国家科学基金会国际科学与工程办公室共同资助。

Gutob is a seriously endangered and poorly described language of Odisha State in eastern-central India. There are many unusual constructions found in Gutob, some traceable to archaic South Munda. Noun incorporation, for example, allows a range of semantic roles to be incorporated into the verb. For example, 'I wash my hand' is expressed in Gutob as 'I wash-hand' where 'hand' is incorporated into the verb to create a new verb 'wash-hand'. Moreover, the same noun may occur within the verb and also occur as an independent noun; for example, 'I my hand wash-hand'.Gregory Anderson of the Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages and K. David Harrison of Swarthmore College will work with Indian scholars over the course of this two-year grant to create a comprehensive scientific description (a reference grammar, corpus of analyzed oral language samples, and analytic dictionary) of Gutob. They will analyze in depth noun incorporation and other typologically unique Gutob constructions. Since Gutob has through its history been in contact with genetically unrelated languages, Anderson and Harrison will also investigate the extent and nature of Gutob language change through contact. Through their interaction with and mentoring of local scholars, the researchers will build infrastructure for further language documentation in Odisha State.All Gutob audio and video data, along with transcriptions and translations, collected during the project will be freely accessible from the Pacific and Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures. An online Gutob Talking Dictionary will be freely available at the talkingdictionary.org website.This project is supported by co-funds from the National Science Foundation's International Science and Engineering Office.