COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: CREATING AN AUDIO-VISUAL CORPUS OF SCOTTISH GAIDHLIG TO PRESERVE AND INVESTIGATE LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY

合作研究：创建苏格兰盖德利格视听语料库以保护和调查语言多样性

• 批准号: 1500220
• 负责人: Andrew Carnie
• 金额: $ 15.25万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-06-01 至 2018-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1500220&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: COLLABORATIVE; RESEARCH; CREATING; AUDIO; VISUAL

Scottish Gaelic, a Celtic language closely related to Irish and Welsh and more distantly to English, was once spoken across Scotland by most of the country's population. Today, however, Gaelic remains a community language only in the most remote regions of western Scotland. Gaelic speakers comprise about 1% of the Scottish population; the 2011 census found only 57,375 native speakers, compared to 250,000 a century earlier. This sharp decline makes the language's continued survival uncertain. Scottish Gaelic is of immense interest because it possesses many rare linguistic features, including initial consonant mutation where a word-initial consonant can be changed depending on what the function of that word is in a clause. Scottish Gaelic also exhibits pre-aspirated consonants, and verb-initial sentence structure. In addition, Scottish Gaelic offers remarkable examples of how knowledge systems particular to its local geography and climate (land management, fishing techniques) are imbedded in the language. Should Gaelic become extinct, the global community -- not just Scotland -- will lose an irreplaceable cultural and scientific resource. Through this two-year project for $189,457, Professors Ian Clayton from the University of Nevada, Reno along with Andrew Carnie and Mike Hammond from the University of Arizona will create a corpus of linguistic interviews with 30 native Gaelic speakers, with the help of native speaker Muriel Fisher (recipient of the Linguistic Society of America's 2015 Excellence in Community Linguistics Award). Speakers will represent a range of ages, geographic origins, and professional backgrounds. The collection will contain more than twenty hours of high-quality audio-visual material, transcribed and translated, with both cultural and scientific value. The collection will offer an invaluable tool to help linguists expand their scientific study of the language's rare features. In addition, the interviews will focus on traditional occupations, folklore, and oral history, the kinds of knowledge and terminology most at risk as Gaelic declines. When complete, the corpus will be publically available through the Max Planck Institute's Language Archive, and the University of Arizona's Open Repository.

苏格兰盖尔语是一种凯尔特语，与爱尔兰语和威尔士语关系密切，与英语关系较远，曾经在苏格兰各地被大多数人使用。然而，今天盖尔语仍然是一种社区语言，只在苏格兰西部最偏远的地区。盖尔语使用者约占苏格兰人口的1%；2011年的人口普查发现，以英语为母语的人只有57375人，而一个世纪前有25万人。这种急剧的衰落使这种语言的继续生存变得不确定。苏格兰盖尔语引起了极大的兴趣，因为它具有许多罕见的语言特征，包括词头辅音突变，即一个词的词头辅音可以根据该词在从句中的功能而改变。苏格兰盖尔语也有前送气辅音和动词开头的句子结构。此外，苏格兰盖尔语还提供了一些引人注目的例子，说明当地地理和气候特有的知识体系（土地管理、捕鱼技术）是如何嵌入到这种语言中的。如果盖尔语灭绝，全球社会——不仅仅是苏格兰——将失去一种不可替代的文化和科学资源。通过这个为期两年的项目，耗资189,457美元，内华达大学里诺分校的伊恩·克莱顿教授与亚利桑那大学的安德鲁·卡尼和迈克·哈蒙德教授将在母语人士穆丽尔·费舍尔（美国语言学会2015年卓越社区语言学奖获得者）的帮助下，创建一个与30名盖尔语母语人士的语言访谈语库。演讲者将代表不同的年龄、地理来源和专业背景。该收藏将包含20多个小时的高质量视听材料，经过转录和翻译，具有文化和科学价值。这本书将为语言学家提供一个宝贵的工具，帮助他们扩大对这种语言罕见特征的科学研究。此外，访谈将集中在传统职业、民间传说和口述历史上，随着盖尔语的衰落，这些知识和术语面临的风险最大。完成后，语料库将通过马克斯普朗克研究所的语言档案馆和亚利桑那大学的开放资源库向公众开放。