Central Geophysical Project for prospecting of archaeological sites in the onshore-offshore transition zone ("amphibic geophysics")

陆上-海上过渡区考古遗址勘探中央地球物理项目（“两栖地球物理”）

• 批准号: 219410787
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Wolfgang Rabbel
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Abteilung Angewandte Geophysik
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Priority Programmes
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2011-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/219410787?language=en
• 关键词: Central; Geophysical; Project; prospecting; archaeological

The aim of the submitted research proposal is geophysical prospection of archaeological sites located in the amphibic zone. The investigation of this zone is clearly one of the central questions regarding the theme of the priority program - the archaeological investigation of harbor structures. Connected with this theme are many archaeological and geoarchaeological applications aiming at surveying remains of buildings as well as geological boundary conditions of possible harbor sites. It is planned to investigate 25 different locations proposed by 8 partner projects submitted in parallel to the present proposal. Cooperation and geophysical investigation plans have been agreed upon beforehand between the involved working groups. The concrete requirements of prospecting the amphibic zone imply further methodical objectives of the planned project: Further development and optimization of existing survey methods based on relevant field examples as well as complementing existing methods through new instrumentation and interpretation meth-ods based on the experience gained in Phase 1 of SPP 1630. The work performed in the first funding peri-od led to identifying the following problems regarding the investigation of harbor sites. Georadar and geoe-lectrics show little or no depth penetration in areas of high electric conductivity occurring frequently in case of partly silted partly flooded areas (such as salt marsh or lagunes). Onshore measurements aiming at geo-archaeological targets often suffer from a prospection gap between, on the one hand, the shallow depths accessible by georadar and geoelectrics in high resolution and, on the other hand, deeply penetrating seis-mic refraction or reflection surveys. Water depth variation near the shoreline may lead to strong attenuation and distortion of ground signals in magnetic measurements and to prominent complicated reverberations in the water column in seismic prospecting that may cover the desired reflections from subsurface structures. The aim of solving these problems defines the requirements in research and development of the Central Geophysical Project in the second project phase. The suggested solution approaches include the applica-tion of surface waves at the sea floor, seismic waveform tomography, multi-source-and-sensor hydroacous-tics (array technique) and seafloor-adapted offshore magnetics. Waveform tomography represents the most promising modern approach of seismic interpretation that would be methodically adapted and applied to archaeological prospecting for the first time.

所提交的研究提案的目的是对位于斜交带的考古遗址进行地球物理勘探。对这一区域的调查显然是关于优先项目主题的中心问题之一-港口结构的考古调查。与这一主题相关的是许多考古和地质考古应用，旨在调查建筑物的遗迹以及可能的港口遗址的地质边界条件。计划调查与本提案同时提交的8个伙伴项目提议的25个不同地点。有关工作组事先已商定合作和地球物理调查计划。勘探角闪石带的具体要求意味着计划项目的进一步方法目标：根据相关现场实例进一步开发和优化现有调查方法，并根据SPP 1630第1阶段获得的经验，通过新的仪器和解释方法补充现有方法。在第一个资助期进行的工作导致确定了以下有关港口选址调查的问题。大地雷达和地电显示，在部分淤塞、部分水淹地区（例如作为盐沼泽或拉盖）经常出现的高电导率地区，深度渗透很少或没有。以地质考古目标为目标的陆上测量经常受到勘探差距的影响，一方面，地质雷达和高分辨率地电可到达的浅深度，另一方面，深穿透地震折射或反射测量。海岸线附近的水深变化可能导致磁测量中地面信号的强烈衰减和失真，并导致地震勘探中水柱中的突出的复杂混响，其可能覆盖来自地下结构的期望反射。解决这些问题的目标确定了中央地球物理项目第二阶段的研究和开发要求。建议的解决方法包括在海底应用表面波、地震波形层析成像、多源多传感器水声学（阵列技术）和适用于海底的海洋磁学。波形层析成像是最有前途的现代地震解释方法，将首次系统地调整和应用于考古勘探。