Central Geophysical Project for prospecting of archaeological sites in the onshore-offshore transition zone ("amphibic geophysics")

提交的研究建议的目的是对位于两栖带的考古遗址进行地球物理勘探。对这一区域的调查显然是关于优先项目主题的中心问题之一-港口结构的考古调查。与此主题相关的是许多考古和地质考古应用，旨在调查建筑物遗迹以及可能的港口地点的地质边界条件。计划调查与本提案同时提交的8个伙伴项目提出的25个不同地点。有关工作组事先商定了合作和地球物理调查计划。两栖带勘探的具体要求意味着计划项目的进一步方法目标：根据相关现场实例进一步发展和优化现有调查方法，并根据spp1630第1阶段获得的经验，通过新的仪器和解释方法补充现有方法。在第一个供资期间所进行的工作查明了下列有关海港地点调查的问题。在部分淤积部分淹水地区（如盐沼或潟湖）经常出现的高导电性地区，地磁雷达和地磁雷达很少或没有深度穿透。针对地质考古目标的陆上测量常常存在勘探差距，一方面，地质雷达和地电技术可以获得高分辨率的浅层深度，另一方面，深穿透地震折射或反射测量。海岸线附近的水深变化可能导致磁测量中地面信号的强烈衰减和畸变，地震勘探中水柱中突出的复杂混响可能覆盖地下结构的期望反射。为解决这些问题，确定了中央地球物理工程二期项目的研发要求。建议的解决方法包括在海底应用表面波，地震波形层析成像，多源和传感器水声（阵列技术）以及海底适应的海上磁学。波形层析成像代表了最有前途的地震解释的现代方法，将有系统地适应并首次应用于考古勘探。

The aim of the submitted research proposal is geophysical prospection of archaeological sites located in the amphibic zone. The investigation of this zone is clearly one of the central questions regarding the theme of the priority program - the archaeological investigation of harbor structures. Connected with this theme are many archaeological and geoarchaeological applications aiming at surveying remains of buildings as well as geological boundary conditions of possible harbor sites. It is planned to investigate 25 different locations proposed by 8 partner projects submitted in parallel to the present proposal. Cooperation and geophysical investigation plans have been agreed upon beforehand between the involved working groups. The concrete requirements of prospecting the amphibic zone imply further methodical objectives of the planned project: Further development and optimization of existing survey methods based on relevant field examples as well as complementing existing methods through new instrumentation and interpretation meth-ods based on the experience gained in Phase 1 of SPP 1630. The work performed in the first funding peri-od led to identifying the following problems regarding the investigation of harbor sites. Georadar and geoe-lectrics show little or no depth penetration in areas of high electric conductivity occurring frequently in case of partly silted partly flooded areas (such as salt marsh or lagunes). Onshore measurements aiming at geo-archaeological targets often suffer from a prospection gap between, on the one hand, the shallow depths accessible by georadar and geoelectrics in high resolution and, on the other hand, deeply penetrating seis-mic refraction or reflection surveys. Water depth variation near the shoreline may lead to strong attenuation and distortion of ground signals in magnetic measurements and to prominent complicated reverberations in the water column in seismic prospecting that may cover the desired reflections from subsurface structures. The aim of solving these problems defines the requirements in research and development of the Central Geophysical Project in the second project phase. The suggested solution approaches include the applica-tion of surface waves at the sea floor, seismic waveform tomography, multi-source-and-sensor hydroacous-tics (array technique) and seafloor-adapted offshore magnetics. Waveform tomography represents the most promising modern approach of seismic interpretation that would be methodically adapted and applied to archaeological prospecting for the first time.