DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Riverine reserves: Testing marine reserve design theory in an existing network of community-based protected areas in Southeast Asia

论文研究：河流保护区：在东南亚现有的社区保护区网络中测试海洋保护区设计理论

• 批准号: 1501836
• 负责人: Peter McIntyre
• 金额: $ 1.59万
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Madison
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-06-01 至 2018-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1501836&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERTATION; RESEARCH; Riverine; reserves; Testing

Pollution, habitat degradation, and harvest have resulted in dramatically reduced freshwater fish stocks and diversity around the world. For many people, especially those in developing countries, fish constitutes a critical source of daily nutrition. In marine ecosystems, to increase fish abundance and diversity, large areas have been set aside as marine protected areas. Previous research has shown that by restricting harvest in areas containing important fish habitat, fish abundance and diversity generally increases compared to adjacent unprotected areas. This in-creased number of fish inside the reserves also results in a greater number of fish entering fished areas, and can increase local harvest rates overall. To date, however, this research has not been applied to freshwater systems. This research project will explore a network of protect-ed areas in northern Thailand in order to test the effectiveness of river protected areas in in-creasing the abundance and diversity of fish in rivers. Additional information regarding the age of the reserves and level of protection will also be collected. Finally, the researchers will map river habitats and measure fish movement in and out of reserves. Results will be shared with government officials, academics and resource managers. This research will provide new in-sights into new ways of conserving global freshwater biodiversity, and potentially increase the ability of rivers to continue to provide important nutrition to people globally. This research project will apply the body of theory developed for marine protected areas (MPAs) to a network of freshwater protected areas in the Ngao River, northern Thailand. Previous meta-analyses of MPAs has suggested that factors including duration of protection, size, spacing, and dispersal are key to predicting MPA success. Researchers will use extensive fieldwork to map an existing network of over 40 small, local community-initiated no-take reserves within a 1,000 square kilometer watershed. Fish densities and species richness will be measured for paired reserve/non-reserve areas using a variety of visual census methods. Additionally, side-scanning sonar will be used to generate accurate habitat maps of both reserve and non-reserve areas and to track dispersal of fish out of reserve areas. Researchers will use generalized linear mixed-effects models to test for significant relationships between dependent variables (species-specific reserve response factors, trophic group response factors, and Bray-Curtis community dissimilarity indices) and the measured characteristics of RRs listed above (e.g., reserve size, age, habitat composition, etc.). The results of this study will inform future freshwater conservation strategies and may also reciprocally inform marine protected area theory as well.

污染、栖息地退化和捕捞导致世界各地的淡水鱼数量和多样性大幅减少。对许多人，特别是发展中国家的人来说，鱼是日常营养的重要来源。在海洋生态系统中，为了增加鱼类的丰富度和多样性，大片区域被划为海洋保护区。先前的研究表明，通过限制在包含重要鱼类栖息地的区域进行捕捞，与邻近的非保护区相比，鱼类的丰富度和多样性通常会增加。保护区内鱼类数量的增加也导致更多的鱼进入捕鱼区，并可以提高当地的总体捕获率。然而，到目前为止，这项研究还没有应用于淡水系统。这项研究项目将探索泰国北部的保护区网络，以测试河流保护区在增加河流鱼类丰富度和多样性方面的有效性。还将收集有关储备的年龄和保护水平的其他信息。最后，研究人员将绘制河流栖息地地图，并测量鱼类进出保护区的活动。结果将与政府官员、学者和资源经理分享。这项研究将为保护全球淡水生物多样性的新方法提供新的见解，并有可能提高河流继续为全球人民提供重要营养的能力。这项研究项目将把为海洋保护区(MPA)开发的理论体系应用于泰国北部Ngao河的淡水保护区网络。此前对MPA的荟萃分析表明，包括保护持续时间、大小、间距和扩散在内的因素是预测MPA成功的关键。研究人员将使用广泛的实地工作来绘制1000平方公里分水岭内40多个由当地社区发起的小型禁采保护区的现有网络。将使用各种目视普查方法测量成对保护区/非保护区的鱼类密度和物种丰富度。此外，侧扫声纳将用于生成保护区和非保护区的准确栖息地地图，并跟踪鱼类离开保护区的扩散情况。研究人员将使用广义线性混合效应模型来检验因变量(物种特有的保护区反应因子、营养群体反应因子和Bray-Curtis群落差异指数)与上述保护区的测量特征(例如保护区大小、年龄、生境组成等)之间的显著关系。这项研究的结果将为未来的淡水保护战略提供参考，也可能反过来为海洋保护区理论提供参考。