Ultra-Rare Kaon Decay Experiments at CERN

20世纪最重要的智力成就之一是粒子物理学标准模型（SM）的发展。这个模型成功地将当时已知的所有基本粒子划分为具有相似量子特性的等级。这个模型的有效性最近在瑞士日内瓦附近的欧洲核子研究中心（CERN）实验室的大型强子对撞机（LHC）上发现了希格斯玻色子，从而得到了证实。然而，目前存在的标准模型留下了许多关于宇宙的问题，包括为什么希格斯玻色子的质量具有它所具有的价值这样的基本问题。为了回答这些问题，有必要超越标准模型所描述的宇宙的现状，进入下一个发展阶段，即超越标准模型（BSM）。BSM物理学研究的问题包括：为什么物质在宇宙中支配着反物质；物质的基本成分、夸克和轻子的质量值；夸克和轻子之间混合的大小；以及暗物质的性质。这个奖项将有助于通过测量带电K介子的衰变来进行这项研究，这是一个罕见的过程。该奖项还将继续在扩大基础研究参与方面做出令人印象深刻的努力，通过参与QuarkNet和通过单独的NSF IRES（国际学生研究经验）资助，每年夏天最多可以从华盛顿特区大都会地区的大学和学院联盟中选择五名本科生到CERN。寻找超越标准模型的新物理证据，可以通过在高能碰撞束设施（如大型强子对撞机）的能量前沿直接搜索，以及通过在强度前沿间接搜索的补充技术，在已知粒子非常罕见的衰变模式的实验测量中解决。该奖项的重点是继续研究欧洲核子研究中心的NA62实验，该实验是通过K+ -介子+，中微子，反中微子的过程来测量带电K介子的罕见衰变。粒子物理标准模型很好地预测了这种衰变，如果观测到的速率与理论预测有显著差异，那么对实际速率的精确实验测量可以为新物理学提供证据。该合同将在NA62的各个方面提供帮助，包括事件触发逻辑、触发硬件和前端电子通信、慢速控制以及用于检测光束线中的介子的计数器。

One of the major intellectual achievements of the 20th century was the development of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. This model succeeded in classifying all of the elementary particles known at the time into a hierarchy of groups having similar quantum properties. The validity of this model to date was recently confirmed by the discovery of the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the CERN laboratory near Geneva Switzerland. However, the Standard Model as it currently exists leaves open many questions about the universe, including such fundamental questions as to why the mass of the Higgs boson has the value it has. To answer these questions it is necessary to go beyond the present picture of the Universe described by the Standard Model to the next phase of development, Beyond the Standard Model (BSM). Investigations in BSM physics probe such questions as why matter dominates over anti-matter in the Universe, the values of the masses of the fundamental constituents of matter, the quarks and the leptons, the size of the mixings among the quarks, and separately among the leptons, and the properties of dark matter. This award will contribute to this search through measurements made of the decay of charged K mesons, a rare process. The award will also continue the impressive effort in broadening the participation in fundamental research, through its participation in QuarkNet and through a separate NSF IRES (International Research Experience for Students) grant that brings up to five undergraduates to CERN each summer, with applicants selected from a consortium of universities and colleges in the Washington DC Metropolitan Area.Searches for evidence for new physics beyond the Standard Model can be addressed through direct searches at the Energy Frontier at High Energy Colliding Beam Facilities such as the LHC and through a complementary technique of indirect searches at the Intensity Frontier, in experimental measurements of very-rare decay modes of known particles. This award focuses on continued research with the NA62 experiment at CERN, which is a measurement of the rare decay of the charged K meson through the process, K+ - pion+, neutrino, anti-neutrino. This decay is well-predicted in the Standard Model of Particle Physics, and a precision experimental measurement of the actual rate could provide evidence for new physics, if the observed rate differs significantly from the theoretical prediction. This award will provide help in all aspects of NA62, with responsibilities in event trigger logic, trigger hardware and front-end electronics communication, slow controls, and a counter for the detection of kaons in the beam line.