EAPSI:Investigating Timescales of Magma Injection, Storage and Eruption at Hyperactive Volcanoes

研究火山喷发的产物，特别是那些高度活跃的中心的产物，是提高我们预测触发喷发的机制和这些过程发生的时间尺度的能力的关键一步。位于安第斯南部火山带的Volcán Llaima火山是一座极度活跃的火山(过去375年有54次喷发)，它为测试岩浆活动增加和喷发之间的时间尺度提供了一个极好的科学游乐场。在这项研究中，我们将研究岩浆补给、储存和喷发之间的时间尺度，其证据被保存为岩浆矿物中的地球化学梯度。通过使用已经得到很好表征的喷发产品，该项目将成为一个强有力的测试，以检验成分剖面的扩散模拟在理解复杂火山系统行为方面的有效性。这些方法还将作为在Volcán Llaima推进预测监测技术的工具，并适用于类似的高度活跃的火山。Volcán Llaima在过去十年的研究阐明了与其火山管道系统相关的整体复杂性，从而解释了发生在深处的物理过程(例如，储存条件、岩浆混合、晶体再动员)。我们现在有能力将这些广泛的地球化学数据集与时间尺度信息配对，使我们能够获得关于岩浆补充、混合和最终喷发之间的时间间隔的有趣信息。在这个研究项目中，我们将模拟1751年和1780年智利Volcán Llaima大规模喷发时保存在橄榄石斑晶中的扩散驱动的成分剖面，从而能够根据地球化学证据确定与推断的岩浆过程相关的时间尺度。NSF EAPSI奖将利用新加坡地球天文台(南洋理工大学)的分析设施，与Bouvede Maisonneuve博士和Costa博士合作进行，前者对Volcán Llaima拥有丰富的经验，后者以应用先进的扩散速率模拟技术确定岩浆过程的时间尺度而闻名。这项研究是与新加坡国家研究基金会合作资助的。

Studying the products of volcanic eruptions, especially those of highly active centers, is a crucial step to improving our ability to forecast the mechanisms that trigger eruptions, and the timescales over which these processes occur. Volcán Llaima, a hyperactive volcano (54 eruptions in the last 375 years) in the Andean Southern Volcanic Zone, provides an excellent scientific playground to test the timescales between increased magmatic activity and eruption. In this study we will investigate the timescales between magmatic recharge, storage, and eruption, the evidence of which is preserved as geochemical gradients in magmatic minerals. By using eruptive products that have been well characterized, this project will serve as a robust test of how effective diffusional modeling of compositional profiles can be in understanding the behavior of complex volcanic systems. These methods will also serve as tools for advancing predictive monitoring techniques at Volcán Llaima, and be applied to similar highly active volcanoes. Research at Volcán Llaima over the last decade has illuminated the overall complexity associated with its volcanic plumbing systems, resulting in interpretations for the physical processes that are occurring at depth (e.g. storage conditions, magma mixing, crystal remobilization). We now have the capability to pair these extensive geochemical datasets with timescales information allowing us to achieve interesting information regarding the timing between magma recharge, mixing, and eventual eruption. In this research project, we will model diffusion driven compositional profiles preserved in olivine phenocrysts from the voluminous 1751 and 1780 eruptions of Volcán Llaima, Chile, allowing for determination of timescales associated with the inferred magmatic processes based on geochemical evidence. This NSF EAPSI award will be undertaken using the analytical facilities at the Earth Observatory of Singapore (Nanyang Technological University) in collaboration with Dr. Bouvet de Maisonneuve, who has extensive experience with Volcán Llaima, and Dr. Costa, renowned in the community for applying advanced diffusion-rate modeling techniques to determine timescales of magmatic processes. This research is funded in collaboration with the National Research Foundation of Singapore.