Identifying Genomic Signatures of Evolutionary and Cultural Change in Native Americans

该项目调查了美洲原住民的遗传多样性如何随着时间和空间的变化而变化，以应对过去1000年来的社会文化和人口变化。在此期间，美国大陆的美洲原住民人口受到贸易网络扩大、对农业的依赖日益增加、定居点日益永久化和人口增长的影响。公元1492年后，欧洲人的接触导致了重大的文化变化，以及疾病流行、人口崩溃、人口重组以及与新部落和非土著民族的基因交换。这些发展有很好的记录，但不知道它们如何影响美洲原住民人口的基因组成。通过描述遗传多样性，该项目将有助于阐明北美原住民的遗传结构和进化历史，提高我们对社会文化，人口和进化变化如何影响人类基因组的理解，并填补了对美国大陆原住民全基因组数据的迫切需求，这些数据在科学研究和公共遗传数据库中的代表性不足。 该项目为本科生，研究生，博士后研究员和K-12公立学校科学教师提供研究经验和培训。 还正在为高中和大学的科学课程以及美洲土著人基因组学暑期实习方案开发教育模块。 因此，该项目推进科学知识，扩大在科学中的代表性不足的群体的参与，提高科学教育，并增加公众对science.Specifically，该项目正在评估的时间和空间模式的遗传多样性在美国中西部地区使用现有的数据集从该地区和新的遗传数据正在收集的三个埋葬在俄亥俄州河流域的人口。 三大目标是：（1）表征俄亥俄州河流域中跨时间和空间的基因组多样性，（2）使用来自俄亥俄州河流域和伊利诺伊河流域的空间和时间多样性样本重建美国中西部的母体群体历史，以及（3）评估公元1000年至1700年之间的社会文化和进化变化是否改变了俄亥俄州河的古代人口的基因组结构盆地为了实现这些目标，将使用新开发的目标捕获和下一代测序技术收集基因组数据。将分析一组广泛的基因组标记（全基因组SNP，线粒体DNA序列和23个Y染色体STR），这将使人们有可能测试关于公元1000年后的迁移，遗传漂变和选择如何改变美洲原住民的遗传结构的假设。将分析来自北美东部其他七个地点的线粒体数据，以建立区域相互作用的模型。

This project investigates how Native American genetic diversity changed over time and across space in response to sociocultural and demographic shifts over the last 1000 years. During this period, Native American populations in the continental US were affected by expanding trade networks, a growing reliance on agriculture, increasingly permanent settlements, and population growth. After AD 1492, European contact led to significant cultural changes as well as disease epidemics, demographic collapse, population restructuring, and genetic exchange with new tribes and non-native peoples. These developments are well documented, but it is not known how they influenced the genetic makeup of Native American populations. By characterizing genetic diversity, this project will help elucidate the genetic structure and evolutionary history of Native North Americans, improve our understanding of how sociocultural, demographic, and evolutionary change influences the human genome, and fill a critical need for genome-wide data from the indigenous inhabitants of the continental US, who have been underrepresented in scientific research and public genetic databases. The project provides research experience and training for undergraduates, graduate students, a postdoctoral researcher, and a K-12 public school science teacher. Educational modules are also being developed for high school and college science courses and for the Summer Internship for Native Americans in Genomics (SING). This project therefore advances scientific knowledge, expands the participation of underrepresented groups in science, improves science education, and increases public engagement with science.Specifically, this project is evaluating temporal and spatial patterns of genetic diversity in the Midwestern US using existing datasets from the region and new genetic data being collected from three burial populations in the Ohio River Basin. The three major goals are: (1) characterize genomic diversity across time and space in the Ohio River Basin, (2) reconstruct the maternal population history of the Midwestern US using spatially and temporally diverse samples from the Ohio River Basin and the Illinois River Valley, and (3) evaluate whether sociocultural and evolutionary changes between 1000 and 1700 AD altered the genomic structure of an ancient population in the Ohio River Basin. To achieve these goals, genomic data will be collected using newly developed target capture and next-generation sequencing technologies. An extensive set of genomic markers (genome-wide SNPs, mitochondrial DNA sequences, and 23 Y chromosome STRs) will be analyzed, which will make it possible to test hypotheses about how post-1000 AD migration, genetic drift, and selection altered the genetic structure of Native Americans. Mitochondrial data from seven other eastern North American sites will be analyzed to develop models of regional interaction.