Collaborative Research: Middle Pleistocene Hominin Behavior and Paleoecology at Farre, Chalbi Basin, Northern Kenya

合作研究：肯尼亚北部查尔比盆地法雷的中更新世人类行为和古生态学

• 批准号: 1524036
• 负责人: Gary Stinchcomb
• 金额: $ 2万
• 依托单位: Murray State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-15 至 2018-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1524036&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Middle; Pleistocene; Hominin

The African early Middle Pleistocene saw the emergence of archaic Homo, the expansion of hominin brain capacities to near-modern dimensions, and the first appearance of a battery of sophisticated new technologies. And yet, as relatively few African localities sample this important timeframe (i.e. the period from c.781-500ka), the specific details regarding the timing, setting, and dynamics that underlie the emergence and early evolution of these advances remain poorly understood. With an estimated minimum age of c.600-500ka, recent paleoanthropological discoveries at the open-air site of Farre, located in the Chalbi Basin of northern Kenya, may add important new data relevant to these issues. In this project, an interdisciplinary team of investigators will conduct a two-year archaeological and geochronological study to better understand the age and contents of the Farre site. Broader impacts of the project include the opportunity to build research collaborations across universities, museums, and research centers, research and training opportunities for students and junior faculty, and public education and conservation outreach at the field site and in the U.S. During two seasons of paleoanthropological fieldwork at Farre, the investigators will expand preliminary excavations to further document the presence of in situ archaeological materials, increase the sample size of diagnostic artifact forms and fossil taxa, refine the geoarchaeology and paleoenvironmental setting of the site; and refine the geochronology of site. Finds from preliminary excavations include artifacts consistent with both Early and Middle Stone Age technologies, coupled with fossil taxa suggesting an age in excess of 500ka. Farre may thus help bridge a long-standing gap in the record of this paleoanthropologically-important region, refine our understanding of the emergence and early evolution of important technological capacities, and place inferred hominin adaptations within local, regional, and global paleoenvironmental contexts.

非洲中更新世早期见证了古代人属的出现，人类大脑能力扩展到接近现代的维度，以及一系列复杂的新技术的首次出现。然而，由于相对较少的非洲地区采样这一重要的时间框架（即从c.781- 500 ka的时期），关于这些进步的出现和早期演变的时间，设置和动态的具体细节仍然知之甚少。最近在肯尼亚北方Chalbi盆地的Farre露天遗址的古人类学发现，估计最小年龄为600 - 500 ka，可能会增加与这些问题有关的重要新数据。在这个项目中，一个跨学科的调查小组将进行为期两年的考古和地质年代学研究，以更好地了解法雷遗址的年龄和内容。该项目的更广泛的影响包括有机会在大学，博物馆和研究中心建立研究合作，为学生和初级教师提供研究和培训机会，以及现场和美国的公共教育和保护推广。调查人员将扩大初步挖掘，以进一步记录现场考古材料的存在，增加诊断人工制品形式和化石分类群的样本量，完善遗址的地质考古学和古环境背景;完善遗址的地质年代学。初步发掘的发现包括与早期和中期石器时代技术一致的文物，加上化石分类群，表明年龄超过500 ka。因此，Farre可能有助于弥补这一古人类学重要地区记录中的长期空白，完善我们对重要技术能力的出现和早期进化的理解，并将推断的人类适应置于地方，区域和全球古环境背景中。