Modeling and Observational Studies of Inertial Instability Near the Tropopause

该项目将有助于加深对地表天气的了解，提高预报的准确性，并减少对生命和财产的风险。特别是，它将改进对急流强度、降水带和气旋强度的预报。这项研究将增进对平流层/对流层交换的动力学的了解，从而了解气候上重要的痕量成分的分布。该网站聚焦于对流层上层和平流层下层的惯性不稳定(UTLS)，将提高公众对天气系统的认识。惯性不稳定可以在促进中纬度气旋的平流层对流层交换(STE)方面发挥重要作用。平流层入侵可以通过在对流层最上面的极地运动(由惯性不稳定加速)来发生，盖过平流层空气的薄层。惯性不稳定性也在极地动量激增和喷气式飞机爆发中发挥了关键作用。研究还发现，惯性不稳定在热带气旋伴生的热带气旋天气过程中起着关键作用。本研究将对中纬度和热带气旋附近的UTLS中惯性不稳定的作用进行进一步的模拟和观测研究。在对流位涡偶极子和UTLS惯性不稳定性之间的关系上，我们将研究惯性不稳定性在近周和近对流极大值中的作用。UTLS惯性不稳定的气候发生和分布及其与中纬度气旋其他特征的关系将使用37年(1979-2015)的现代研究和应用回顾分析(MERRA)数据来计算。综合分析将被用来将惯性不稳定的位置与气旋的其他方面联系起来，包括喷流位置和气团路径。产品将包括图表和章节，描述在运输路径范围内惯性不稳定的位置和发生情况。

This project will contribute toward increased understanding of surface weather, accuracy of forecasts and reduction of risk to life and property. In particular, it will lead to improved forecasting of jet strength, precipitation bands, and cyclone intensity. The research will enhance understanding of the dynamics responsible for stratosphere / troposphere exchange, hence the distribution of climatologically important trace constituents. The website focusing on inertial instability in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) will enhance public knowledge of weather systems.Inertial instability can play a significant role in facilitating stratosphere troposphere exchange (STE) in midlatitude cyclone. A stratospheric intrusion can occur by poleward motion in the uppermost troposphere (accelerated by inertial instability), overriding a thin layer of stratospheric air. Inertial instability also plays a key role in poleward momentum surges and jet flare-ups. It has also been found that inertial instability plays a key role in STE associated with tropical cyclones.Further modeling and observational studies of the role of inertial instability in UTLS near both midlatitude and tropical cyclones will be undertaken in this study. The role of inertial instability in STE, both around the periphery and near convective maxima, with a focus on the relationship between convective potential vorticity dipoles and inertial instability in the UTLS, will be examined. The climatological occurrence and distribution of inertial instability in the UTLS and its relation to other features of midlatitude cyclones will be calculated using 37 years (1979-2015) of Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) data. Composite analysis will be used to relate the locations of inertial instability to other aspects of cyclones, including jet locations and air mass pathways. Products will include charts and sections depicting the location and occurrence of inertial instability in the context of transport pathways.