Collaborative Research: S2I2: Cncp: Conceptualization of an S2I2 Institute for High Energy Physics

欧洲核子研究中心（CERN）的大型强子对撞机（Large Hadron Collider）等设施在探索理解自然界的基本组成部分及其相互作用方面迈出了一大步。希格斯玻色子的发现和非常罕见的B介子衰变的观测，正如粒子物理学标准模型（SM）所预测的那样，证明了大型强子对撞机实验的强大科学影响力。尽管取得了这些成就，但基本问题仍然存在，包括：为什么自然界表达的是SM所体现的对称性，而不是其他的对称性？为什么基本积木（夸克和轻子）正好有三代？为什么这些组成部分的质量彼此之间有如此大的差异，无论是在一代人之内还是在几代人之间？弥漫在宇宙中的暗物质是什么？时空是否具有额外的对称性，或者是否延伸到我们已知的三维空间之外？在2020年代升级高亮度LHC （HL-LHC）的计划正在顺利进行。这些升级将导致数据量增加100倍。利用增加的数据量和对升级探测器的大量投资需要在软件上进行相应的投资，以确保实现科学目标。预计HL-LHC将从10年后开始收集数据，并持续多年。该概念化项目将为最终的S2I2研究所制定战略计划，该研究所可以解决HL-LHC时代软件开发和可持续性挑战。该概念化项目将支持一系列研讨会，以准备S2I2战略计划，并与国际社会一起编写一份社区白皮书，为美国和国际软件工作提供总体路线图，以实现HL-LHC的全部科学潜力。该项目推进了国家战略计算计划（NSCI）的目标，旨在维持和加强美国在高性能计算（HPC）研究、开发和部署方面的科学、技术和经济领导地位。该项目由计算机与信息科学与工程理事会的高级网络基础设施司和数学与物理科学理事会的物理司提供支持。

Facilities such as the Large Hadron Collider at CERN represent a huge step forward in the quest to understand the fundamental building blocks of nature, and their interactions. The discovery of the Higgs boson and the observation of very rare B meson decays, as predicted by the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics, demonstrate the strong scientific reach of LHC experiments. Despite these achievements, fundamental questions remain, including: Why does nature express the symmetries embodied in the SM, and not other symmetries? Why are there exactly three generations of basic building blocks (quarks and leptons)? Why are the masses of these building blocks so different from each other, both within a generation and between generations? What is the dark matter which pervades the universe? Does space-time have additional symmetries or extend beyond the three spatial dimensions we know? Planning for upgrades for a High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) in the 2020s is well underway. These upgrades will lead to a 100-fold increase in data volume. Exploiting the increased data volume and the large investments in upgraded detectors requires a commensurate investment in software to assure that the scientific goals are achieved.The HL-LHC is expected to take data starting 10 years from now, and continue for many years. This conceptualization project will develop a Strategic Plan for an eventual S2I2 Institute which can address the software development and sustainability challenges of software for the HL-LHC era. This conceptualization project will support a series of workshops to prepare both the S2I2 Strategic Plan and, together with the international community, a Community White Paper providing an overall roadmap for both U.S. and international software efforts to realize the full science potential of the HL-LHC. This project advances the objectives of the National Strategic Computing Initiative (NSCI), an effort aimed at sustaining and enhancing the U.S. scientific, technological, and economic leadership position in High-Performance Computing (HPC) research, development, and deployment.This project is supported by the Division of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure in the Directorate for Computer & Information Science & Engineering and the Physics Division in the Directorate of Mathematical and Physical Sciences.