Collaborative Research: Evaluating Indigenous Strategies Of Multicultural Interaction

圣克拉拉大学的Lee Panich博士和加州大学圣克鲁兹分校的Tsim Schneider博士将领导一个合作研究项目，以了解美洲原住民社会是如何在欧美殖民主义下持续存在的。虽然对殖民对美洲土著人民影响的普遍理解集中在人口减少和文化传统的丧失上，但考古研究具有独特的地位，可以深入了解美洲土著人为应对殖民时期的变化而采取的积极战略。考古数据可以用来追踪历史文献中没有很好描述的发展，如土著社会组织、流动性和经济联系的长期调整。通过研究美洲原住民如何利用现有的社会和文化模式与欧美殖民者谈判日益复杂的互动，学者们可以更好地理解土著社会行使的自治权，尽管他们在殖民时代面临挑战。由于当代关于美洲原住民主权的概念在很大程度上取决于殖民时期的事件，因此这项研究与关于土著文化变化以及今天美国原住民群体的流行和政府承认的更广泛的辩论直接相关。它还与理解当代世界许多地区发生的多民族互动的性质以及族裔群体如何与民族国家谈判并纳入民族国家有关。该项目将殖民主义考古学研究的重点扩大到欧洲殖民地和首次接触情况之外，以调查生活在直接殖民控制之外的当地人如何随着时间的推移选择性地与不同的殖民制度接触。帕尼奇博士和施奈德博士将与他们的研究团队一起，在加利福尼亚州中部的太平洋海岸研究这些问题，当地的海岸米沃克人曾居住在西班牙、俄罗斯、墨西哥和美国边境的十字路口。这项研究旨在评估美洲原住民在四个政治和经济上重要的村庄遗址保持自治权的不同策略，这些遗址从史前时代到殖民时期一直被占领。数据将来自有针对性的考古调查、对二十世纪中叶收集的考古材料进行的最先进的实验室分析、区域考古遗址地理信息系统数据库以及对相关人种学和历史文献的系统审查。研究人员将与格拉顿牧场印第安人联合会合作，为部落学者和大学生提供考古方法培训。调查人员将与部落和当地土地所有者密切合作，利用该项目的结果制定具有文化敏感性的管理指南和公共解释材料。

Drs. Lee Panich, of Santa Clara University, and Tsim Schneider, of the University of California Santa Cruz, will direct a collaborative research project to understand how Native American societies persisted under Euro-American colonialism. While common understandings of colonial impacts on indigenous peoples in the Americas have focused on depopulation and loss of cultural traditions, archaeological research is uniquely positioned to offer insight into the active strategies Native Americans employed to navigate the changes of the colonial period. Archaeological data can be used to track developments that are not well represented in historical documents, such as long-term adjustments to indigenous social organization, mobility, and economic connections. By examining how Native Americans drew upon existing social and cultural patterns to negotiate increasingly complex interactions with Euro-American colonists, scholars can better understand the autonomy exercised by indigenous societies despite the challenges they faced in the colonial era. Because contemporary notions of Native American sovereignty largely hinge on the events of the colonial period, this research is directly relevant to broader debates about indigenous culture change and the popular and governmental recognition of Native American groups today. It is also relevant to understanding the nature of multi-ethnic interactions which occur in many regions of the contemporary world and how ethnic groups negotiate with and are incorporated into nation states.The project expands the focus of archaeological studies of colonialism beyond European settlements and first contact situations to investigate how native people living outside of direct colonial control selectively engaged with different colonial institutions over time. Drs. Panich and Schneider, along with their research team, will examine these issues on the Pacific Coast of central California, where local Coast Miwok groups lived at the crossroads of the Spanish, Russian, Mexican, and American frontiers. The research is designed to evaluate Native Americans' different strategies for maintaining autonomy at four politically and economically important village sites that were occupied from prehistoric times through the colonial period. Data will be drawn from targeted archaeological investigations, state-of-the-art laboratory analysis of archaeological materials collected during the mid-twentieth century, a GIS database of regional archaeological sites, and a systematic review of relevant ethnographic and historical literature. Working in conjunction with the Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria, the researchers will provide training in archaeological methods to tribal scholars as well as university students. The investigators will work closely with the tribe and local landowners to use the results of the project to develop culturally sensitive stewardship guidelines and public interpretive materials.