Particle Physics at CMS in the High Luminosity Era

粒子物理学是对自然界最基本层面的研究。近几十年来，在阐明物质的关键结构和支配大多数熟悉世界的力量方面取得了长足的进步。还有更多的未知和解释，现代物质和力的理论，尽管它取得了非凡的成功，被认为只是一些更广泛、更深层次的理论的近似值，因为它还没有被发现。将宇宙凝聚在一起的暗物质无法解释；基本粒子的质量也无法解释；甚至物质本身的存在也无法解释。该项目将使用和扩展大型“紧凑型Muon螺线管”(CMS)粒子探测器的能力，该探测器运行在瑞士欧洲核子研究中心实验室的大型强子对撞机上，以寻找证据表明对宇宙及其内容有更大、更全面的理解，并通过这样做，促进基础科学的进步。许多研究工作都是由学生完成的，包括研究生和本科生，他们在这个过程中接受的教育和技术培训确保了他们能够为社会做出强有力的贡献。CMS实验产生的现有数据和新数据将被研究，以寻找暗物质产生、新的重玻色子和超对称性的可能迹象，以及对已知粒子，特别是顶夸克的精细测量，以及对尚未观察到的过程的测量，如与两个顶夸克一起产生希格斯玻色子。为了扩大CMS的能力，将进行硅像素跟踪设备和触发器的升级研究和开发。需要对探测器进行升级，以充分发挥下一代加速器升级的潜力，即所谓的高光度大型强子对撞机。探测器和电子设备以及支持软件和固件将进行原型设计和研究，以确定升级的设计和建造技术，并解决预期的无数技术挑战。

Particle physics is the study of Nature at its most fundamental level. Great strides have been made in recent decades, elucidating the key structure of matter and the forces that govern most of the familiar world. Yet more remains unknown and unexplained, and the modern theory of matter and forces, despite its remarkable successes, is thought to be but an approximation to some broader, deeper theory as yet undiscovered. The dark matter that holds the universe together is unexplained; the masses of fundamental particles are unexplained; even the existence of matter itself is unexplained. This project will both use and extend the capabilities of the large "Compact Muon Solenoid" (CMS) particle detector, which operates at the Large Hadron Collider at the CERN Laboratory in Switzerland, to seek evidence of a larger, more encompassing understanding of the universe and its contents, and in so doing, further the progress of fundamental science. Much of the research work is done by students, both graduate students and undergraduates, and the education and technical training they receive in this process ensures they can make robust contributions to society. Existing and new data produced by the CMS experiment will be studied for possible indications of dark matter production, new heavy bosons, and supersymmetry, as well as for refined measurements of known particles, particularly the top quark, and measurements of as-yet-unobserved processes such as the production of a Higgs boson in conjunction with two top quarks. To extend CMS capabilities, research and development for upgrades to the silicon pixel tracking devices and the trigger will be conducted. Detector upgrades are needed to exploit the full potential of the next accelerator upgrade, known as the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider. Detectors and electronics, together with supporting software and firmware, will be prototyped and studied to establish both the design and construction techniques for the upgrade and to solve the myriad technical challenges that are anticipated.