ABR/RUI Is the Terrestrial Permian-Triassic Boundary in the Karoo Basin? Implications for the Response of the Terrestrial Ecosystems to the End-Permian Extinction Event

ABR/RUI 陆地二叠纪-三叠纪边界是在卡鲁盆地吗？

• 批准号: 1624302
• 负责人: Robert Gastaldo
• 金额: $ 19.03万
• 依托单位: Colby College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-01 至 2020-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1624302&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: ABR; RUI; Terrestrial; Permian; Triassic

Earth's biosphere experienced its greatest mass extinction ~251.9 million years ago at the end of the Permian Age. In approximately 60,000 years, the oceans experienced a loss of 90% of marine life. Many workers believe that a similar change co-occurred on land, but rock-and-fossil records from the continents are not well dated. For more than a century, the Karoo Basin, South Africa, has served as the center for interpreting the response of terrestrial ecosystems to this crisis. The current proposal uses a multidisciplinary, international team of geoscientists to refine the physical and chemical conditions around which the biological event is believed to have occurred in this basin. Field-and-laboratory training of undergraduate STEM students continues to be an integral component of the project, educating the next generation of geoscientists in an understanding of Earth Systems in deep time. Mechanisms responsible for the end-Permian biodiversity loss are attributed to changes in atmospheric and oceanic chemistries. These were a consequence of the emplacement of basalt in a large igneous province, the Siberian Traps. Increasing atmospheric gas concentrations, accompanied by increasing global temperatures, stressed the physiological limits of the plants and animals. It is essential to know if these stresses affected both marine and terrestrial ecosystems, concurrently, or if their responses are temporally out of phase. This project will use stratigraphy, sedimentology, magnetic rock properties, and whole-rock and stable-isotope geochemistry to look at the physical and chemical conditions, in addition to paleontology and palynology to determine the biological components, and constrain these in time (employing high resolution geochronology). An empirical model will be developed to assess the stratigraphic applicability of paleobiological data, leading to a better interpretation of the latest Permian to earliest Triassic terrestrial transition.

地球生物圈在2.519亿年前的二叠纪末期经历了最大规模的灭绝。在大约6万年的时间里，海洋失去了90%的海洋生物。许多研究人员认为，陆地上也发生了类似的变化，但大陆上的岩石和化石记录并没有很好的确定年代。一个多世纪以来，南非的卡鲁盆地一直是解释陆地生态系统对这场危机的反应的中心。目前的建议是利用一个多学科的国际地球科学家团队来完善该盆地发生生物事件的物理和化学条件。对本科STEM学生的现场和实验室培训仍然是该项目的一个组成部分，教育下一代地球科学家深入了解地球系统。二叠纪末生物多样性丧失的机制归因于大气和海洋化学的变化。这些都是玄武岩在一个大火成岩省——西伯利亚圈闭中就位的结果。大气中气体浓度的增加，加上全球气温的升高，强调了动植物的生理极限。必须知道这些压力是否同时影响海洋和陆地生态系统，或者它们的反应是否暂时不同步。该项目将使用地层学、沉积学、磁性岩石性质、全岩和稳定同位素地球化学来研究物理和化学条件，此外还将使用古生物学和孢粉学来确定生物成分，并及时限制这些生物成分（采用高分辨率地质年代学）。将开发一个经验模型来评估古生物学数据的地层学适用性，从而更好地解释二叠纪晚期到三叠纪早期的陆地过渡。

项目成果

Discussion of “Permian—Triassic vertebrate footprints from South Africa: Ichnotaxonomy, producers and biostratigraphy through two major faunal crises” by Marchetti, L., Klein, H., Buchwitz, M., Ronchi, A., Smith, R.M.H., DeKlerk, W.J., Sciscio, L., and Gr

讨论“来自南非的二叠纪——三叠纪脊椎动物足迹：两次主要动物危机中的生物分类学、生产者和生物地层学”作者：Marchetti, L.、Klein, H.、Buchwitz, M.、Ronchi, A.、Smith，

• DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2019.08.003
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Gondwana Research
• 影响因子: 6.1
• 作者: Gastaldo, Robert A.;Neveling, Johann
• 通讯作者: Neveling, Johann

The base of the Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone, Karoo Basin, predates the end-Permian marine extinction

• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15243-7
• 发表时间: 2020-03-18
• 期刊: NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
• 影响因子: 16.6
• 作者: Gastaldo, Robert A.;Kamo, Sandra L.;Martini, Anna M.
• 通讯作者: Martini, Anna M.

CALCIC VERTISOLS IN THE UPPER DAPTOCEPHALUS ASSEMBLAGE ZONE, BALFOUR FORMATION, KAROO BASIN, SOUTH AFRICA: IMPLICATIONS FOR LATE PERMIAN CLIMATE

• DOI: 10.2110/jsr.2020.32
• 发表时间: 2020-06-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY RESEARCH
• 影响因子: 2
• 作者: Gastaldo, Robert A.;Kus, Kaci;Neveling, Johann
• 通讯作者: Neveling, Johann

Paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic evolution and cyclo- and chronostratigraphy of upper permian-Lower triassic fluvial-lacustrine deposits in Bogda Mountains, NW China – Implications for diachronous plant evolution across the permian-triassic boundary

中国西北博格达山上二叠世-下三叠世河流-湖泊沉积物的古环境和古气候演化以及旋回和年代地层学——对跨越二叠纪-三叠纪边界的历时植物演化的启示

• DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103741
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Earth-Science Reviews
• 影响因子: 12.1
• 作者: Wan Yang;Mingli Wan;James L. Crowley;Jun Wang;Xiaorong Luo;Neil Tabor;Kenneth D. Angielczyk;Robert Gastaldo;John Geissman;Feng Liu;Peter Roopnarine;Christian A. Sidor
• 通讯作者: Christian A. Sidor