Petrogenetic Studies of Young Volcanic Rocks

这是一位杰出科学家的成就更新，他是美国国家科学院的成员，也是海洋地质学界公认的该领域的领导者之一。在过去的几十年里，他的研究改变了我们对发生在大洋中脊和交汇边缘的岩浆过程的理解，比如美国的卡斯卡迪亚和阿留申群岛，以及太平洋的日本。在这两种火山环境中，来自地幔的熔体到达地表，产生火山和熔岩，形成海底和岛弧火山链。这一更新建立在过去五年来研究者在提高我们对海底火山作用的理解方面的工作的基础上，包括建立一个内部一致的地球化学和地球物理数据库，其中收集了1000多个新的高质量海底火山岩的主要和微量元素分析，然后与从科学文献中收集的数千个其他类似数据相结合。这为测试地幔温度和成分的全球模型提供了必要的数据。新的研究将在全球范围内确定玄武岩组成与海洋中脊的物理性质和变量之间的关系；确定控制地幔熔融程度、成分分馏和岩浆混合的原理；识别岩浆来源和岩浆非均质性；并确定地幔温度和熔岩微量元素地球化学之间脱节的原因。这项工作还将涉及为海洋岛屿玄武岩建立一个类似的综合地球化学数据库，该数据库可与地球物理信息（如岛屿大小、体积、高于海底的高度、构造板块年龄和厚度）一起使用，以阐明海洋岛屿的起源和演化，并确定共性和全球趋势。这项工作的更广泛影响包括支持一名在科学领域性别代表性不足的早期职业合作科学家，培训一名研究生，以及建立科学基础设施，以创建一个新的全面的社区数据集，该数据集将向公众开放，并可用于测试和约束海洋岛屿随时间形成和增长的模型。

This is an Accomplishment Based Renewal by an outstanding scientist who is a member of the US National Academy of Sciences and universally acknowledged by members of the marine geology community as one of the leaders in the field. His research, over the past few decades, has transformed our understanding of magmatic process occurring at mid-ocean ridges and convergent margins like Cascadia and the Aleutians in the US and Japan in Pacific. In both volcanic environments, melts arising from the mantle come to the surface and produce the volcanoes and lavas that form the floor of the oceans and island arc volcanic chains. This renewal builds off the investigator's work over the last five years in improving our understanding of seafloor volcanism, including the creation of an internally consistent geochemical and geophysical database for which over 1,000 new high quality major and trace element analyses of seafloor volcanic rocks were collected and then combined with thousands of other similar data collected from the scientific literature. This has provided the essential data needed to test global models of mantle temperature and composition. The new research will allow determination of the relationship between basalt composition and the physical properties and variables of mid-ocean ridges on a global scale; determine the principles that control the extent of mantle melting, compositional fractionation, and magma mixing; identify magma sources and source heterogeneity; and determine the causes of the disconnect between mantle temperatures and lava trace element geochemistry. This work will also involve the creation of a similarly comprehensive geochemical database for ocean island basalts, which can be used with geophysical information such as island size, volume, height above the seafloor, and tectonic plate age and thickness to illuminate the origin and evolution of ocean islands and identify commonalities and global trends. Broader impacts of the work include support of an early career collaborating scientist whose gender is under-represented in the sciences, training of a graduate students, and building infrastructure for science in terms of creating a new comprehensive community dataset that will be publicly accessible and can be used to test and constrain models for the formation and growth of ocean islands over time.