Scholars Award: Bringing to Light a Court Case over the Teaching of Evolution in American Schools that Preceded the Scopes Trial

学者奖：揭露斯科普斯审判之前美国学校进化论教学的法庭案件

• 批准号: 1656146
• 负责人: ADAM SHAPIRO
• 金额: $ 6.72万
• 依托单位: SHAPIRO ADAM
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-03-15 至 2018-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1656146&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Scholars; Award; Bringing; Light; Court

General Audience Summary This award supports research on a previously unknown trial on evolution that took place in 1924; it is America's first courtroom battle over the teaching of evolution, having occurred one year prior to the infamous Scopes trial, which has until now been regarded as the first such trial. The researcher will develop new scholarship on public understanding of evolution and its history in the United States, based on his discovery of the 1924 evolution trial. The researcher will communicate the results of this research to a broad audience by the publication of a book and by articles in both academic peer-reviewed journals and in popular mainstream publications. This project builds on previous scholarly work of the researcher and expands his inquiries into the relationship between STS and other disciplines, including fields of disability studies, migration studies, and education policy. Technical Summary The discovery of an unknown evolution trial in American history, one that supplants the infamous Scopes trial of 1925 as the earliest known trial, is itself groundbreaking and promises to make a significant contribution to the study of STS and US history. This project goes beyond simply calling attention to this unknown event by developing new insights into both the public understanding of science and the historically changing place of the schoolteacher as a figure in the center of controversies over public acceptance of science. The project will also explore the way that the trial's plaintiff, a Pennsylvania Dutch man with a disability, understood his role as a mediator of scientific knowledge. As such, this project explores new intellectual connections between the fields of STS and disability studies by examining the way that one's identity as fit or disabled shaped the way one could perform the role of knowledge mediator. It promises to compel a substantial revision in the history evolution and its use in education policy, and to encourage greater engagement between policy makers and the social studies of science and technology by its contribution to ongoing discussions.

普通观众摘要 该奖项支持对 1924 年进行的一项此前未知的进化论试验进行的研究；这是美国首次针对进化论教学的法庭之战，发生在臭名昭著的斯科普斯审判之前一年，该审判迄今为止一直被视为此类审判的首次。 该研究人员将根据 1924 年进化论试验的发现，开发新的学术成果，以促进公众对美国进化论及其历史的理解。研究人员将通过出版一本书以及在学术同行评审期刊和流行主流出版物上发表文章的方式向广大受众传达这项研究的结果。该项目以研究人员之前的学术工作为基础，并将其研究扩展到 STS 与其他学科之间的关系，包括残疾研究、移民研究和教育政策领域。技术摘要 美国历史上一项未知进化试验的发现，取代了臭名昭著的 1925 年斯科普斯试验，成为已知最早的试验，其本身就是开创性的，有望为 STS 和美国历史的研究做出重大贡献。该项目不仅仅是简单地引起人们对这一未知事件的关注，还通过对公众对科学的理解以及学校教师作为公众接受科学争议中心人物的历史变化地位提出了新的见解。该项目还将探讨审判的原告（宾夕法尼亚州荷兰裔残疾人）如何理解自己作为科学知识调解者的角色。因此，该项目通过研究一个人的健康或残疾身份如何塑造一个人履行知识中介者角色的方式，探索 STS 和残疾研究领域之间新的知识联系。它有望迫使对历史演变及其在教育政策中的使用进行重大修改，并通过其对正在进行的讨论的贡献来鼓励政策制定者和科学技术社会研究之间的更多参与。