CRII: CPS: CityLines: Designing Urban Hub-and-Spoke Transportation System with Data-Driven Cyber-Control

在当今的城市中，公共和私人交通在满足乘客对体验质量（QoE）的需求方面存在明显的局限性：(a)私人交通的运输费用较高；（二）由于时间表/路线固定，公共交通未能及时提供足够的供应，以配合时变的行车需求。该项目开发了CityLines，这是一个变革性的城市交通系统，采用轮辐混合交通服务和共享班车。拟议的CityLines系统通过几个枢纽或直接路径在辐条之间安排城市旅行，旅行时间和私人交通一样短，票价和公共交通一样低。为了开发CityLines系统，本项目研究了三个创新理念。首先，开发网络分析模块，进行以出行为中心的一系列分析，包括出行需求预测、出行QoE建模和激励机制分析。其次，开发了统一的混合轮辐框架，以量化和解决各种设计选择和权衡。第三，设计了新颖的网络控制方法，以保证系统的可扩展性（实现城市规模出行需求的实时交通服务规划）、适应性（允许枢纽搬迁和路线重新规划以应对出行需求动态）、可靠性（应对交通中断）和兼容性（提供与其他交通服务的交通间协调）。CityLines系统有可能减少通勤、购物、娱乐等方面的整体旅行时间。它也有可能减少污染和排放，绿化城市环境。它也有可能改善城市出行的便利性，乘客不必担心出行路径或错过一站。CityLines系统将是迈向更绿色、更方便、更有活力的智慧城市的重要一步。教育活动包括课程开发和培训学生在网络物理系统和城市计算领域。计划通过在相关的同行评审会议和期刊上发表结果传播。

In today's cities, both public and private transits have clear limitations to fulfill passengers' needs for quality of experience (QoE): (a) private transits have high transit fare; (b) with fixed time table/routes, public transits fail to timely provide adequate supply to match the time-varying trip demands. This project develops CityLines, a transformative urban transit system, employing hybrid hub-and-spoke transit service with shared shuttles. The proposed CityLines system routes urban trips among spokes through a few hubs or direct paths, with travel time as short as private transits and fare as low as public transits. To develop CityLines system, this project investigates three innovative ideas. First, A cyber-analytics module is developed to conduct a series of trip-centered analysis, including trip demand prediction, trip QoE modeling, and incentive mechanism analysis. Second, a unifying hybrid hub-and-spoke framework is developed to quantify and address various design choices and trade-offs. Third, novel cyber-control methods are designed to guarantee the system scalability (enabling real-time transit service planning for urban scale trip demands), adaptability (allowing hub relocation and route re-planning to cope with trip demand dynamics), reliability (to traffic disruptions), and compatibility (providing inter-transit coordination with other transit services). CityLines system has the potential to reduce the overall travel time, for commute, grocery, entertainment, and more. It also has the potential to reduce pollution and emissions to green the urban environments. It also has the potential to improve the urban trip convenience, where passengers do not need to worry about the trip paths or missing a stop. CityLines system will be a nice step towards a greener, more convenient, and vibrant smart city. Educational activities include curriculum development and training of students in the areas of cyber-physical systems and urban computing. Result dissemination is planned via publication in relevant peer-reviewed conferences and journals.