The Nature of the Office. Analyzing the habitus, self- and body-concepts of corregidores of the Spanish Monarchy (16th-17th century)

办公室的性质。

• 批准号: 228278731
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Arndt Brendecke
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Abteilung für Geschichte der Frühen Neuzeit
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2012-12-31 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/228278731?language=en
• 关键词: Nature; Office.; Analyzing; habitus; self

The project analyses the behavior of the corregidores, representatives of the Spanish king who performed judicial and executive functions in major cities of the Spanish monarchy. Taking metaphors of contemporary political anthropology as a first clue, the project's basic assumption is that this behavior was portrayed as 'natural' and had to correspond to the 'nature' of the office (naturaleza del oficio) in accord with the assumption an essential correspondence of person and office. In this manner the officer was able to emphasize both his own aptitude for the office and his abstinence from temptations to abuse it (by passions, interests, partiality or corruption). This reference to a natural aptitude can be conceptualized by means of the concept of the 'Second Nature', which allows us to assume a Habitus of the corregidor, which accordingly constitutes a central subject of our investigation. This enables us to reconstruct the history of the public officer on the basis of early modern political anthropology and with a special emphasis on the history of the body and on gender history, instead of following the master narrative of a supposed genesis of a modern ethos of the public officer. The project profits particularly from the fact that the corregidor was not only a crucial figure in representing and imposing royal power. He was also the one official of the monarchy who was most often subjected to regular control procedures (juicios de residencia). Unlike other royal control mechanisms (visitas, informaciones, pesquisas), the juicios de residencia's distinctive trait was their periodicity. At the same time, the urban population was regularly invited to report on and testify against possible misconduct by the public officers. Consequently, it is possible to reconstruct a vivid picture of the behavior of the corregidores in the city and the office, as well as the limits that the population's tolerance fixed on the officials' scope of action. In the first phase, we have discovered an additional set of sources that will prove especially fruitful for our research, since these sources contain reports by the corregidores themselves about their personal and official conduct. These documents will be subjected to a thorough analysis in the second phase of the project, thus complementing the external view by the Crown and the urban population with the officials' tactical self-portrayal. This is particularly relevant since it is in these documents that the conflicts and ambiguities between the person and its second nature as a public officer are not only displayed, but also justified, contextualized and explained. Additionally, gender and body-historical aspect of the corregidores' official conduct become much more clearly discernible through these egodocuments than they were in the first phase of the project.

该项目分析了在西班牙君主制的主要城市履行司法和行政职能的西班牙国王的代表科雷吉多的行为。以当代政治人类学的隐喻作为第一条线索，该项目的基本假设是，这种行为被描绘为“自然的”，必须与办公室的“性质”相对应，这与人和办公室的基本对应关系的假设是一致的。通过这种方式，这位官员能够强调他自己对这一职位的能力，以及他对滥用这一职位的诱惑(通过激情、利益、偏袒或腐败)的禁欲。这种关于天赋的提法可以通过“第二天性”这一概念来概念化，这使得我们可以假定科里吉多人的习性，因此，这构成了我们研究的一个中心主题。这使我们能够在早期现代政治人类学的基础上重建公职人员的历史，特别强调身体历史和性别历史，而不是遵循假定的公职人员现代精神起源的总体叙事。该项目尤其受益于这样一个事实，即科雷吉多不仅是代表和施加皇室权力的关键人物。他也是君主制中最经常受到常规控制程序(Juicios De Residencia)控制的官员之一。与其他王室控制机制(访问、信息、佩斯基萨斯)不同，Juicios de Residencia的独特特征是它们的周期性。同时，还定期邀请城市居民举报公职人员可能存在的不当行为，并作证。因此，可以重建城市和办公室中的警员行为的生动图景，以及民众对官员行动范围的容忍限度。在第一阶段，我们发现了另外一组消息来源，这些消息来源将被证明对我们的研究特别有成效，因为这些消息来源包含由登记人员自己关于他们的个人和官方行为的报告。这些文件将在项目第二阶段进行彻底分析，从而用官员的战术自我描述来补充王室和城市居民的外部看法。这一点特别重要，因为正是在这些文件中，不仅显示了人与其作为公职人员的第二性质之间的冲突和含糊之处，而且还说明了理由、背景和解释。此外，与项目第一阶段相比，通过这些自我文件，可以更清楚地看出登记人员的正式行为的性别和身体历史方面。