Collaborative Research: Exploring the impact of cosmic ray feedback on galaxy evolution

天文学家试图了解星系是如何形成和演化的。 巨大的物质细丝在引力作用下凝聚成星系。 然而，来自内部的未知力量以星系风的形式排出气体。 Ruszkowski和合作者试图了解这种缺失的力是否可以由宇宙射线提供。 利用计算机模拟，他们将研究宇宙射线对银河风的影响。 他们将确定宇宙射线是否对这些风产生足够的力量，将物质完全从星系中驱逐出去。 最后，了解是什么力量驱动着银河风，这将是一个重大的进步。 这项研究可能使我们对星系如何演化的理解发生质的飞跃。 这些模拟的结果将用于令人惊叹的天文馆动画。 这种可视化吸引了公众，并激励年轻人学习科学。 它将包括混合动力学模拟宇宙射线传播周围孤立的超新星遗迹到星系盘，并最终宇宙星系的形成。 宇宙射线传输物理将从第一原理模拟。 星际介质的局部补丁将使用自适应网格细化进行模拟。 这些结果反过来将被用来开发星系和宇宙形成模拟的子网格模型。 这一项目将是对星系形成的第一次大规模研究，包括所有空间尺度上的宇宙射线传输过程。 它将对宇宙射线驱动的星系风的性质产生具体的预测。

Astronomers seek to understand how galaxies formed and evolve. Vast filaments of matter coalesce into galaxies under gravity. However, unknown forces from within expel gas in the form of galactic winds. Ruszkowski and collaborators seek to understand whether this missing force could be provided by cosmic rays. Using computer simulations, they will study effects of cosmic rays on galactic winds. They will determine whether cosmic rays contribute sufficient force to these winds to expel matter from galaxies completely. Finally understanding what powers galactic winds will contribute a major advance. This study may enable a qualitative leap in our understanding of how galaxies evolve. Results of these simulations will be used in stunning planetarium animations. Such visualizations engage the public and inspire young people to study science.This study will probe a range of spatial scales. It will include hybrid kinetic simulations of cosmic ray propagation around isolated supernova remnants out to galactic disks and finally to cosmological galaxy formation. Cosmic-ray transport physics will be simulated from first principles. Local patches of the interstellar medium will be simulated using adaptive mesh refinement. These results in turn will be used to develop sub-grid models for galaxy and cosmological formation simulations. This project will constitute the first large-scale study of galaxy formation to include cosmic-ray transport processes on all spatial scales. It will yield specific predictions for the properties of cosmic-ray driven galactic winds.