Collaborative Research: A Tale of Dwarf Galaxies and Giant Galaxies: Connecting the Smallest and the Largest Galaxies to Their Dark Matter Halos

合作研究：矮星系和巨型星系的故事：将最小和最大的星系与其暗物质晕连接起来

• 批准号: 1713828
• 负责人: Jenny Greene
• 金额: $ 25.34万
• 依托单位: Princeton University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2021-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1713828&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Tale; Dwarf; Galaxies

Astronomers seek to understand how galaxies form and evolve. The luminous matter in galaxies such as our own galaxy (the Milky Way) resides within more extensive halos of dark matter. Although the nature of dark matter is still unknown, its effects due to gravity can be studied. Astronomers use simulations to predict how dark matter halos evolve. They use indirect means to infer its presence among observed galaxies. However, the relationship between these dark matter halos and their host galaxies is still uncertain. Our understanding is weakest for the very lowest mass galaxies and for the highest mass galaxies. Leauthaud and collaborators will explore both extremes in this innovative observational research program. Using a new, high resolution imaging survey, they will measure the dark matter halos for tens of thousands of galaxies. They will compare dark matter to the profiles of luminous matter. They will focus on dwarf galaxies and giant galaxies where observations are most needed. This research will lead to new insights into the relationship between dark matter and luminous matter. Outreach from this proposal will include summer training in statistical and computational methods for undergraduates as part of established programs at Princeton and UC-Santa Cruz. The Princeton program will work with the National Astronomy Consortium to recruit students from minority and underserved populations. The UC-Santa Cruz program will recruit students through Hartnell College, a neighboring Hispanic serving institution. Together these activities will broaden participation in science among historically underrepresented groups.This proposal will advance our understanding of the stellar mass ? halo mass relation that describes the relationship between ordinary matter and dark matter in galaxies. Indirect detection of dark matter will be made via weak lensing using data from the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) survey on the Subaru 8.2m telescope at Mauna Kea. This project will advance the state-of-the-art for such weak lensing measurements. In addition, due to the large area of this survey, HSC will detect rare and extremely massive galaxies ( 1011.5 Msun) that lie at the heart of the largest dark matter halos. This proposal will identify tens of thousands of such massive galaxies and perform weak lensing measurements on them. It will also study large numbers of dwarf galaxies ( 109 Msun) via weak lensing. Together these studies will reveal the relationship between luminous matter and dark matter for both low and high mass galaxies. It is in these extremes of the mass range where new measurements are most needed to resolve discrepancies with theoretical models.

天文学家试图了解星系是如何形成和演化的。像我们自己的星系（银河系）这样的星系中的发光物质存在于更广泛的暗物质晕中。虽然暗物质的本质仍然是未知的，但它的引力效应是可以研究的。天文学家通过模拟来预测暗物质晕是如何演变的。他们使用间接的方法来推断它是否存在于观测到的星系中。然而，这些暗物质晕和它们的宿主星系之间的关系仍然不确定。我们对质量最低的星系和质量最高的星系的理解是最弱的。Leauthaud和合作者将在这个创新的观察研究项目中探索这两个极端。利用一种新的、高分辨率的成像调查，他们将测量数万个星系的暗物质晕。他们将比较暗物质和发光物质的轮廓。他们将把重点放在最需要观测的矮星系和巨星系上。这项研究将使人们对暗物质和发光物质之间的关系有新的认识。作为普林斯顿大学和加州大学圣克鲁兹分校已建立的项目的一部分，该提案的推广将包括为本科生提供统计和计算方法的暑期培训。普林斯顿大学的项目将与美国国家天文学联合会合作，从少数民族和服务不足的人群中招收学生。加州大学圣克鲁兹分校的项目将通过哈特内尔学院招收学生，哈特内尔学院是一所邻近的西班牙裔服务机构。这些活动将共同扩大历史上代表性不足的群体对科学的参与。这个建议将促进我们对恒星质量的理解。光晕质量关系描述了星系中普通物质和暗物质之间的关系。在莫纳克亚山的斯巴鲁8.2米望远镜上，通过微弱的透镜效应来间接探测暗物质。该项目将推进这种弱透镜测量的最新技术。此外，由于这次调查的面积很大，HSC将探测到位于最大暗物质晕中心的罕见和超大质量星系（1011.5 Msun）。这一提议将确定成千上万个这样的大质量星系，并对它们进行弱透镜测量。它还将通过弱透镜效应研究大量的矮星系（109 Msun）。总之，这些研究将揭示低质量和高质量星系中发光物质和暗物质之间的关系。正是在这些极端的质量范围内，最需要新的测量来解决与理论模型的差异。

项目成果

Sumo Puff: Tidal Debris or Disturbed Ultra-Diffuse Galaxy?

• DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psx051
• 发表时间: 2017-04
• 期刊: arXiv: Astrophysics of Galaxies

A detection of the environmental dependence of the sizes and stellar haloes of massive central galaxies

• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty1136
• 发表时间: 2018-03
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Song Huang;A. Leauthaud;J. Greene;K. Bundy;Yen-Ting Lin;Masayuki Tanaka;R. Mandelbaum;S. Miyazaki;Y. Komiyama

A Study of Two Diffuse Dwarf Galaxies in the Field

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aae0f4
• 发表时间: 2018-05
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: J. Greco;A. Goulding;J. Greene;M. Strauss;Song Huang;J. H. Kim;Y. Komiyama

Using Surface Brightness Fluctuations to Study nearby Satellite Galaxy Systems: The Complete Satellite System of M101

利用表面亮度波动研究附近的卫星星系系统：M101 的完整卫星系统

• DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab24d2
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Carlsten, Scott G.;Beaton, Rachael L.;Greco, Johnny P.;Greene, Jenny E.
• 通讯作者: Greene, Jenny E.

Radial Distributions of Dwarf Satellite Systems in the Local Volume

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abb60b
• 发表时间: 2020-06
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: S. Carlsten;J. Greene;A. Peter;J. Greco;R. Beaton