EAPSI: Ice Nucleation Properties of Non-proteinaceous Biological Particles

EAPSI：非蛋白质生物颗粒的冰成核特性

• 批准号: 1714035
• 负责人: Kimberly Cory
• 金额: $ 0.54万
• 依托单位: Cory Kimberly M
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-06-01 至 2018-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1714035&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAPSI; Ice; Nucleation; Properties; Non

Glaciation of atmospheric clouds by immersion freezing is an important atmospheric process, affecting the formation of precipitation and Earth?s energy budget. Currently, the climatic impact of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) is uncertain due to increasing evidence of their nucleation efficiency, diversity and abundance in the atmosphere. Recently, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) extracted from natural wood pulp has been identified as an efficient INP, which may add crucial importance to quantifying the role of primary non-proteinaceous biological INP in the troposphere. However, it is still uncertain if the ice-nucleating activity is specific to MCC structure or generally relevant to all plant structural materials. Answering those questions is the specific aim of the project. The fellow will travel to the National Institute of Polar Research (NIPR) in Japan, which offers rigorous experimental capabilities, and will carry out in-depth characterization in ice-nucleating properties of cellulose-containing particles with Dr. Yutaka Tobo and Dr. Kumiko Goto-Azuma, who are the world-renowned scientists, to better estimate their effects on clouds and the global climate. The fellow plans to investigate: 1) cloud seeding simulation by using nano-crystalline cellulose-containing plant fibrous particles and 2); regional and global climate change. The project is well conceived and organized to create new collaboration opportunities for NIPR to promote scientific immersion with West Texas A&M University beyond existing collaboration (i.e., Arctic Challenge for Sustainability Project, www.arcs-pro.jp/en. A newly-developed Cryogenic Refrigerator Applied to Freezing Test (CRAFT) system and a variety of existing plant fiber samples at NIPR will support the fellow's work with assistance from NIPR faculty. This award, under the East Asia and Pacific Sumer Institutes program, supports summer research by a U.S. graduate student and is jointly funded by NSF and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.

大气云的浸没冻结是一个重要的大气过程，影响降水的形成和地球的能量收支。目前，由于越来越多的证据表明冰成核颗粒（INP）在大气中的成核效率、多样性和丰度，其对气候的影响尚不确定。最近，从天然木浆中提取的微晶纤维素（MCC）已被确定为一种有效的 INP，这可能对于量化对流层中主要非蛋白质生物 INP 的作用至关重要。然而，目前仍不确定冰成核活性是MCC结构特有的还是与所有植物结构材料普遍相关。回答这些问题是该项目的具体目标。研究员将前往拥有严格实验能力的日本国立极地研究所（NIPR），与世界知名科学家东房丰博士和后藤东久美子博士一起对含纤维素颗粒的冰核特性进行深入表征，以更好地估计其对云和全球气候的影响。该研究员计划研究：1）使用含有纳米晶体纤维素的植物纤维颗粒进行云播种模拟；2）；区域和全球气候变化。该项目经过精心构思和组织，旨在为 NIPR 创造新的合作机会，促进与西德克萨斯 A&M 大学的科学沉浸，超越现有合作（即北极可持续发展挑战项目，www.arcs-pro.jp/en）。新开发的用于冷冻测试的低温冰箱 (CRAFT) 系统和 NIPR 的各种现有植物纤维样品将在 NIPR 的协助下支持该研究员的工作 NIPR 教师。该奖项属于东亚和太平洋苏美尔研究所计划，支持美国研究生的夏季研究，由美国国家科学基金会和日本科学振兴会共同资助。