State and Non-State Territorial Practices and Polycentric Governance in UK and US Large Marine Protected Areas

英国和美国大型海洋保护区的国家和非国家领土实践和多中心治理

• 批准号: 1714335
• 负责人: Leslie Acton
• 金额: $ 13.8万
• 依托单位: Acton Leslie D
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1714335&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: State; Non; Territorial; Practices; Polycentric

This award was provided as part of NSF's Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences Postdoctoral Research Fellowships (SPRF) program. The goal of the SPRF program is to prepare promising, early career doctoral-level scientists for scientific careers in academia, industry or private sector, and government. SPRF awards involve two years of training under the sponsorship of established scientists and encourage Postdoctoral Fellows to perform independent research. NSF seeks to promote the participation of scientists from all segments of the scientific community, including those from underrepresented groups, in its research programs and activities; the postdoctoral period is considered to be an important level of professional development in attaining this goal. Each Postdoctoral Fellow must address important scientific questions that advance their respective disciplinary fields.This post-doctoral fellowship supports a young scholar in examining the changing roles and influence of state and non-state actors in large marine protected area (LMPA) governance. LMPAs greater than 100,000 km2 have emerged as a high-profile conservation trend that has spread rapidly around the world through global networks of scientists, non-governmental organizations, foundations, governments, celebrities, and others. Despite this rapid increase in LMPAs, little research has been published investigating the varied actors and policy processes entangled in these new governance regimes. This research addresses this gap by comparing interactions between governance actors and institutional governance structures in two recently announced or expanded LMPAs in the US state of Hawaii's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), and in the UK overseas territory of Ascension Island's Exclusive Fishing Zone (EFZ). This project seeks to provide new knowledge about the understudied political and institutional dimensions of LMPAs. It also broadens the participation of women, people who stutter and native Hawaiians in SBE sciences.Specifically, the project engages human geography theory on territoriality and new institutionalist theory on polycentricity to answer three research questions. First, how are state and non-state governance actors (re)articulating ocean territory through the designation of LMPAs in Hawaii and Ascension Island? Second, what are the mechanisms through which existing polycentric governance enables and constrains decision-making roles for state and non-state actors in LMPA designation? Third, how are new governance actors reshaping existing ocean governance structures through the implementation of LMPAs? To address these questions, the project employs a qualitative comparative case study approach guided by constructivist grounded theory. Data collection methods include interviews with governance actors, key document collection, and participant observation at management planning and policy-making meetings. Results will inform a rapidly growing and understudied trend in US and international ocean governance and will enhance cross-site learning between current and future LMPAs.

该奖项是作为NSF社会、行为和经济学博士后研究奖学金(SPRF)计划的一部分提供的。SPRF计划的目标是为学术界、工业界或私营部门和政府的科学职业生涯培养有前途的、早期职业博士水平的科学家。SPRF奖项包括在知名科学家的赞助下进行两年的培训，并鼓励博士后研究员进行独立研究。国家科学基金会致力于促进科学界所有阶层的科学家参与其研究方案和活动，包括那些来自代表性不足的群体的科学家；博士后阶段被认为是实现这一目标的专业发展的一个重要水平。每名博士后研究员都必须解决推动各自学科领域发展的重要科学问题。这一博士后奖学金支持一名年轻学者研究国家和非国家行为者在大型海洋保护区(LMPA)治理中的角色变化和影响。面积超过100,000平方公里的LMP已成为一种备受瞩目的保护趋势，并通过科学家、非政府组织、基金会、政府、名人和其他人的全球网络迅速在世界各地传播。尽管LMPA迅速增加，但很少有研究发表，调查这些新治理制度中纠缠在一起的各种行为者和政策进程。这项研究通过比较美国夏威夷专属经济区(EEZ)和英国海外领地阿森松岛专属捕鱼区(EFZ)最近宣布或扩大的两个LPA中治理行为者和机构治理结构之间的互动来解决这一差距。该项目力求提供关于土地管理和土地管理制度未得到充分研究的政治和体制层面的新知识。它还扩大了妇女、口吃者和夏威夷原住民对SBE科学的参与。具体地说，该项目利用关于领土的人文地理学理论和关于多中心的新制度主义理论来回答三个研究问题。首先，国家和非国家治理行为者如何通过在夏威夷和阿森松岛指定LMP来(重新)阐明海洋领土？第二，现有的多中心治理通过什么机制来启用和约束国家和非国家行为者在LMPA指定中的决策角色？第三，新的治理行为者如何通过实施LMPA重塑现有的海洋治理结构？为了解决这些问题，本项目采用了建构主义扎根理论指导下的定性比较案例研究方法。数据收集方法包括与治理行为者的访谈、关键文件收集以及在管理规划和决策会议上的参与者观察。结果将为美国和国际海洋治理领域迅速增长和未得到充分研究的趋势提供信息，并将加强当前和未来LMPA之间的跨地点学习。