Collaborative Research: Exploring Gas throughout the Milky Way Galaxy and Magellanic System of Galaxies with the WHAM-South Telescope

合作研究：利用 WHAM-South 望远镜探索整个银河系和麦哲伦星系中的气体

• 批准号: 1714472
• 负责人: Lawrence Haffner
• 金额: $ 31.06万
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Madison
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2019-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1714472&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Exploring; Gas; throughout

The collaborators on this endeavor will use a telescope called WHAM to complete a long-term project to map the warm gas in the Milky Way Galaxy and nearby "satellite" galaxies known as the Magellanic Clouds. The telescope is a rather unusual design and was built specifically for this purpose. WHAM was constructed and has been maintained and operated for 20 years primarily with NSF funding. WHAM has led to Postdoctoral degrees and active careers in science for a large number of young researchers. After a decade at the Kitt Peak Observatory in Arizona the telescope is now located in Chile. It is operated remotely (over the internet) and can map the Milky Way in the light produced by different atoms and ions (charged atoms). Since this warm gas is an important component of the galaxy, astronomers can better understand how the galaxy is changing and can test theories of how it was formed and how it is evolving. Graduate and undergraduate students will continue to be involved in data collection and analysis as part of the operations team.This is a collaborative project from the University of Wisconsin-Madison and the Space Science Institute in Boulder that seeks to continue operations support for the Wisconsin H-Alpha Mapper (WHAM), a remotely controlled facility that is dedicated to the detection and study of faint optical emission lines in the disk and halo of the Milky Way.  The WHAM facility consists of a 15 cm aperture dual-etalon Fabry-Pérot spectrometer coupled to a 60 cm aperture siderostat, which together provide a one-degree field-of-view on the sky and produce a 12 km/s resolution spectrum across a 200 km/s spectral window.  A CCD camera serves as a multichannel detector, recording the spectrum as a Fabry-Pérot "ring image" without scanning. WHAM began operations on Kitt Peak in January 1997 from where it surveyed H-alpha emission throughout the entire northern sky (the WHAM-Sky Survey, or WHAM-SS). Complementary observations of various regions in other diagnostic emission lines were also obtained. WHAM has subsequently been refurbished and moved to Cerro Tololo, Chile, achieving first southern light in March 2009. The WHAM-SS has since been completed, and observations in other lines ([SII] and [NII]) have begun. With this award the team will complete mapping in [SII] and [NII], and extend the WHAM (H-alpha) survey to broader velocities. The overarching goal is to complete existing surveys and support current students through to the completion of existing projects. The combined datasets will be used to probe the composition, temperature, heating, and ionization of the Diffuse Ionized Gas (DIG) and Warm Ionized Medium (WIM). The team will investigate the relationship between these components and regions of active star formation. The WHAM facility can also be used to study the earth's atmosphere, comets, zodiacal dust, and lunar sodium.

这项工作的合作者将使用一个名为WHAM的望远镜完成一个长期项目，以银河系的银河系和近乎“卫星”星系绘制温暖的气体，称为麦哲伦云。望远镜是一种相当不寻常的设计，是专门为此目的而建造的。 WHAM是由NSF资金进行的，并已维护并经营了20年。 WHAM导致了许多年轻研究人员的科学学位和科学的积极职业。在亚利桑那州的基特峰天文台上了十年后，望远镜现在位于智利。它是远程操作（通过互联网），可以在不同的原子和离子（充电原子）产生的光中绘制银河系。由于这种温暖的气体是银河系的重要组成部分，因此天文学家可以更好地了解银河系的变化方式，并可以测试其形成方式以及如何发展的理论。作为运营团队的一部分，毕业生和本科生将继续参与数据收集和分析。这是威斯康星大学 - 麦迪逊分校和博尔德太空科学研究所的一个合作项目，试图继续对威斯康星州H-Alpha Mapper（WHAM）的运营支持，远程控制和研究的杂物，是远程控制和研究的，这是一项艰巨的统一，是远程统治的著作。 银河系。 WHAM设施由15厘米的双孔双italon Fabry-Pérot光谱仪组成，该光谱仪与60厘米的光圈Siderostat耦合在一起，该光谱仪在天空上共同提供一级视野，并在200 km/s光谱窗口中产生12 km/s分辨率的光谱。 CCD摄像机用作多通道检测器，将频谱记录为Fabry-Pérot的“环形图像”，而无需扫描。 WHAM于1997年1月开始在基特峰（Kitt Peak）上进行操作，从那里调查了整个North Sky（Wham-Sky调查或Wham-SS）的H-Alpha排放。还获得了其他诊断排放线中各个区域的互补观察。 Wham随后进行了翻新，并搬到了智利的Cerro Tololo，于2009年3月获得了首次南方光。WHAM-SS此后已经完成，并且已经开始了其他线路（[SII]和[NII]）的观察。通过此奖项，团队将在[SII]和[NII]中完成映射，并将WHAM（H-Alpha）调查扩展到更广泛的速度。总体目标是完成现有的调查，并通过完成现有项目的完成。组合的数据集将用于探测弥漫性电离气体（DIG）和温暖离子化培养基（WIM）的组成，温度，加热和电离。团队将研究这些组成部分与活跃星形成区域之间的关系。 WHAM设施还可以用于研究地球大气层，彗星，黄道尘和月球钠。

项目成果

Revealing the Ionization Properties of the Magellanic Stream Using Optical Emission

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aa992a
• 发表时间: 2017-11
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: K. Barger;K. Barger;G. Madsen;Andrew J. Fox;B. Wakker;J. Bland-Hawthorn;D. Nidever;L. M. Haffner;L. M. Haffner;Jacqueline Antwi-Danso;Jacqueline Antwi-Danso;Michael Hernandez;N. Lehner;Alex S. Hill;Alex S. Hill;Andrew Curzons;T. Tepper-García

The Diffuse Ionized Gas Halo of the Small Magellanic Cloud

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab4d58
• 发表时间: 2019-11
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: B. Smart;L. M. Haffner;K. Barger;Alex S. Hill;G. Madsen

Discovery of diffuse optical emission lines from the inner Galaxy: Evidence for LI(N)ER-like gas

发现来自银河系内部的漫射光发射线：类 LI(N)ER 气体的证据

• DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay9711
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Science Advances
• 影响因子: 13.6
• 作者: Krishnarao, D.;Benjamin, R. A.;Haffner, L. M.
• 通讯作者: Haffner, L. M.

Radiative transfer calculations of the diffuse ionized gas in disc galaxies with cosmic ray feedback

具有宇宙射线反馈的盘状星系中扩散电离气体的辐射传输计算

• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty554
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Vandenbroucke, Bert;Wood, Kenneth;Girichidis, Philipp;Hill, Alex S;Peters, Thomas
• 通讯作者: Peters, Thomas

Constraining Balmer Alpha Fine Structure Excitation Measured in Geocoronal Hydrogen Observations: CONSTRAINING H ALPHA FINE STRUCTURE IN GEOCORONAL HYDROGEN OBSERVATION

约束地日冕氢观测中测量的巴尔默阿尔法精细结构激发：约束地日冕氢观测中的 H 阿尔法精细结构激发

• DOI: 10.1002/2017ja024055
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
• 作者: Gardner, D. D.;Mierkiewicz, E. J.;Roesler, F. L.;Nossal, S. M.;Haffner, L. M.
• 通讯作者: Haffner, L. M.