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Qualitative individual differences in metacontrast masking: An instrument to investigate mechanisms of visual consciousness.

元对比掩蔽中的定性个体差异：研究视觉意识机制的工具。

基本信息

批准号：
229241421
负责人：
Dr. Thorsten Albrecht
金额：
--
依托单位：
Georg-Elias-Müller-Institut für Psychologie
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2011-12-31 至 2017-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/229241421?language=en
关键词：
Qualitative individual differences metacontrast masking

项目摘要

The conditions that lead to a conscious subjective experience of visual stimuli are in the focus of current research on conscious perception. In the last years we have employed metacontrast masking as a paradigm to examine the processes that contribute to the experience of visual stimuli. Most current accounts of metacontrast masking assume one or two mechanisms. We found individual differences in visibility of the masked target stimulus and took advantage of this fact to examine the mechanisms that contribute to perception in metacontrast masking. Our initial studies provided evidence for the contribution of at least three processes underlying the different conscious experiences in this paradigm. However, our more recent studies point to a number of at least seven qualitatively different subjective percepts that participants can reliably distinguish in metacontrast masking. Interestingly, most of these percepts show a clear temporal dynamic that is very similar across subjects. Based on the assumption that the experience of a percept has to be generated by some (neural) processes, these data suggest that more than two or three processes contribute to metacontrast masking. The here presented proposal comprises two further studies that we deem necessary to successfully complete the project done so far. In the first study we want to examine whether two percepts that show the same temporal dynamic but differ in quality do in fact depend on each other, which would point to a common generating process. In the second experiment we want to take advantage of the fact that subjects report two qualitatively different percepts in trials with identical stimulation to identify the electrophysiological signature of these subjective experiences by comparing trials with identical stimulation and different subjective experiences. This experiment could contribute both to the question whether each percept has its own generating process and to issues regarding the time and topographical signature of conscious subjective experiences of visual stimuli.

导致视觉刺激的有意识主观体验的条件是当前有意识感知研究的焦点。在过去的几年里，我们采用元对比掩蔽作为一个范例，以检查的过程，有助于视觉刺激的经验。大多数元对比掩蔽的当前帐户假定一个或两个机制。我们发现个体差异的掩蔽目标刺激的可见性，并利用这一事实来研究的机制，有助于感知元对比掩蔽。我们最初的研究提供了证据，证明在这个范式中，至少有三个过程对不同的意识体验起着重要作用。然而，我们最近的研究指出，至少有七种不同的主观感知，参与者可以可靠地区分元对比掩蔽。有趣的是，这些感知中的大多数都显示出清晰的时间动态，在不同的受试者之间非常相似。基于这样一个假设，即一个被试的体验必须由某些（神经）过程产生，这些数据表明，超过两个或三个过程有助于元对比掩蔽。这里提出的建议包括两项进一步的研究，我们认为有必要成功地完成迄今为止完成的项目。在第一个研究中，我们想检验两个表现出相同的时间动态但质量不同的感知是否实际上相互依赖，这将指向一个共同的生成过程。在第二个实验中，我们想利用这样一个事实，即受试者在相同刺激的试验中报告了两种性质不同的感知，通过比较相同刺激和不同主观体验的试验来识别这些主观体验的电生理特征。这个实验可能有助于两个问题，是否每个受试者都有自己的生成过程，并有意识的视觉刺激的主观经验的时间和地形签名的问题。