Collaborative Research: Connecting 3D Simulations of Magnetized Disks and Jets with Direct Event Horizon Telescope Observations

黑洞（BHs）是爱因斯坦引力理论预测的最致密的物体。尽管黑洞体积很小，但它们是宇宙舞台上强有力的演员。大多数星系的中心都有巨大的黑洞。这样的黑洞可以驱动流出物和喷流，延伸到星系尺度，甚至更远。连接最紧凑和最扩展的尺度的过程起源于黑洞事件视界附近。多亏了美国国家科学基金会支持的事件视界望远镜（EHT），该地区的图像最近才得以提供。该团队将获得新的EHT图像，这是第一次追踪磁场。该团队将进行最先进的模拟，与新图像进行比较。这将为黑洞事件视界附近的条件提供强有力的约束。高级团队成员将培训初级团队成员。该团队还将与华盛顿合作在科什兰科学博物馆（Koshland Science Museum）与来自STEM领域未被充分代表的群体的学生接触。该团队将(1)对黑洞吸积和喷射进行最先进的模拟，并利用完全动态的气体辐射相互作用来解释与人马座A*和M87等系统相关的动力学物理，(2)用EHT进行偏振观测，以在人马座A*和M87的事件视界尺度上解决黑洞发射问题，(3)应用模拟来实现偏振测量的真实建模。

Black holes (BHs) are the most compact objects predicted by Einstein's theory of gravity. Despite their tiny size, BHs are powerful actors on the cosmic stage. Most galaxies have massive BHs at their centers. Such BHs can drive outflows and jets that extend over galactic scales, and beyond. The processes that link the most compact and the most extended scales originate near the BH event horizon. Images of that region have only recently become available, thanks to the NSF-supported Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). The team will obtain new EHT images that, for the first time, trace magnetic fields. The team will conduct state-of-the-art simulations to compare to the new images. This will provide strong constraints on conditions near the BH event horizon. Senior team members will train junior team members. The team will also partner with D.C.'s Koshland Science Museum to engage with students from groups underrepresented in STEM.The team will (1) produce state-of-the-art simulations of BH accretion and jets with fully dynamical gas-radiation interaction that accounts for kinetic physics relevant to systems like Sagittarius A* and M87, (2) undertake polarimetric observations with the EHT to resolve BH emission on event horizon scales in Sagittarius A* and M87, and (3) apply the simulations to enable realistic modeling of the polarimetry.