US GEOTRACES Pacific Meridional Transect: Determination of the air-sea exchange of inorganic and methylated mercury in the anthropogenically-impacted and remote Pacific Ocean

美国 GEOTRACES 太平洋经线横断面：测定受人为影响的偏远太平洋中无机汞和甲基化汞的海气交换

• 批准号: 1736659
• 负责人: Robert Mason
• 金额: $ 28.51万
• 依托单位: University of Connecticut
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-10-01 至 2020-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1736659&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: US; GEOTRACES; Pacific; Meridional; Transect

Human activity has greatly increased the amount of mercury (Hg) in the environment, and particularly in the surface ocean. Most of the Hg enters the ocean from the atmosphere as a gas, on particles, or in precipitation. Complex physical and chemical processes at the interface between the ocean and atmosphere control the amount of Hg that is retained and therefore that can ultimately accumulate in seafood. Methylmercury (MeHg) is a chemical form of Hg that is commonly retained in organisms and impacts the health and development of humans and wildlife. This research will assess concentrations of Hg together with its "methyl" forms in the atmosphere and surface ocean at sea from Alaska to Tahiti. The spatial extent of the cruise will allow comparison of the air-sea exchange and concentrations of mercury in both the North Pacific where human emissions are large and in remote regions with minimal human impact. The researchers will use established techniques and develop new methods to examine the fate and transport of mercury within the surface ocean. These findings will contribute key Hg data to the GEOTRACES program and thus enhance its overall impact as part of an extensive marine trace element study. Findings will have potential to inform public policy and global environmental treaties related to Hg, thus providing data to evaluate human risk from Hg in present and future climate scenarios. Educational impact will include support for a graduate student and their dissertation using the field data, as well as several undergraduates that will gain high level, hands-on research experience. The research will take advantage of recent analytical advances that enable high resolution determination of the concentrations and forms of inorganic Hg in the surface ocean and atmosphere. The analytical approach will also be expanded to include measurements of methylated Hg compounds, including MeHg and dimethylmercury. These measurements, and ancillary data collected during the GEOTRACES Pacific Meridional Transect cruise, will allow assessment of both atmospheric input and in situ oceanic loss for the dominant forms of inorganic and methylated Hg. Exchange will also be evaluated in the context of the suite of environmental variables collected by collaborators during the cruise. The resulting data will help assess the long-term impact of anthropogenic inputs of Hg to the atmosphere and ocean, and the factors that influence the loss of Hg from the ocean by gas evasion. The studies will build on previous results obtained as part of the GEOTRACES program and other NSF-funded studies, adding novel measurements and building an enhanced understanding of the sources and sinks of Hg to the open ocean.

人类活动大大增加了环境中汞（HG）的数量，尤其是在地面海洋中。大多数HG以气体，颗粒或降水方式从大气中进入海洋。海洋与大气之间的界面上的复杂物理和化学过程控制着保留的HG量，因此最终可以积聚在海鲜中。 甲基汞（MEHG）是一种化学形式的HG，通常保留在生物体中，并影响人类和野生动植物的健康和发展。这项研究将评估汞的浓度以及其大气和从阿拉斯加到大溪地的海洋中的“甲基”形式。 巡航的空间范围将允许在人类排放量很大的北太平洋和偏远地区的北太平洋地区的空气交换和汞浓度进行比较。研究人员将使用已建立的技术并开发新方法来检查地面海洋内汞的命运和运输。这些发现将为GeoTraces计划提供关键的HG数据，从而增强其整体影响，这是一项广泛的海洋痕量元素研究的一部分。调查结果将有可能为与HG相关的公共政策和全球环境条约提供信息，从而提供数据以评估当前和未来气候场景中HG的人类风险。 教育影响将包括对研究生的支持及其使用现场数据的论文，以及几位将获得高水平动手研究经验的本科生。这项研究将利用最近的分析进步，从而可以高分辨率确定地表海洋和大气中无机HG的浓度和形式。 分析方法还将扩展到包括甲基化HG化合物（包括MEHG和二甲基汞）的测量。这些测量值以及在太平洋子午线横切巡航期间收集的辅助数据，将允许评估大气输入和原位海洋损失，以占无机和甲基化Hg的主要形式。 还将在合作者在巡航过程中收集的环境变量套件的背景下进行评估。最终的数据将有助于评估HG对大气和海洋的人为投入的长期影响，以及影响汞爆炸损失海洋因气体逃避而产生的因素。 这些研究将基于以前作为Geotraces计划和其他NSF资助的研究获得的结果，增加了新颖的测量结果，并增强了对HG的来源和水槽的了解。

项目成果

Updated Global and Oceanic Mercury Budgets for the United Nations Global Mercury Assessment 2018

• DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01246
• 发表时间: 2018-10-16
• 期刊: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
• 影响因子: 11.4
• 作者: Outridge, P. M.;Mason, R. P.;Heimburger-Boavida, L. E.
• 通讯作者: Heimburger-Boavida, L. E.

Comparison of reactive gaseous mercury measured by KCl-coated denuders and cation exchange membranes during the Pacific GEOTRACES GP15 expedition

太平洋 GEOTRACES GP15 探险期间 KCl 涂层剥蚀器和阳离子交换膜测量的活性气态汞的比较

• DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117973
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Atmospheric Environment
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: He, Yipeng;Mason, Robert P.
• 通讯作者: Mason, Robert P.