Spring Blooms of Sea Ice Algae Along the Western Antarctic Peninsula: Effects of Warming and Freshening on Cell Physiology and Biogeochemical Cycles.

南极西部半岛春季海冰藻的大量繁殖：变暖和清新对细胞生理学和生物地球化学循环的影响。

• 批准号: 1744645
• 负责人: Jodi Young
• 金额: $ 43.04万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-01 至 2023-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1744645&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Spring; Blooms; Sea; Ice; Algae

Rapid changes in the extent and thickness of sea ice during the austral spring subject microorganisms within or attached to the ice to large fluctuations in temperature, salinity, light and nutrients. This project aims to identify cellular responses in sea-ice algae to increasing temperature and decreasing salinity during the spring melt along the western Antarctic Peninsula and to determine how associated changes at the cellular level can potentially affect dynamic, biologically driven processes. Understanding how sea-ice algae cope with, and are adapted to, their environment will not only help predict how polar ecosystems may change as the extent and thickness of sea ice change, but will also provide a better understanding of the widespread success of photosynthetic life on Earth. The scientific context and resulting advances from the research will be communicated to the general public through outreach activities that includes work with Science Communication Fellows and the popular Polar Science Weekend at the Pacific Science Center in Seattle, Washington. The project will provide student training to college students as well as provide for educational experiences for K-12 school children. There is currently a poor understanding of feedback relationships that exist between the rapidly changing environment in the western Antarctic Peninsula region and sea-ice algal production. The large shifts in temperature and salinity that algae experience during the spring melt affect critical cellular processes, including rates of enzyme-catalyzed reactions involved in photosynthesis and respiration, and the production of stress-protective compounds. These changes in cellular processes are poorly constrained but can be large and may have impacts on local ecosystem productivity and biogeochemical cycles. In particular, this study will focus on the thermal sensitivity of enzymes and the cycling of compatible solutes and exopolymers used for halo- and cryo-protection, and how they influence primary production and the biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nitrogen. Approaches will include field sampling during spring melt, incubation experiments of natural sea-ice communities under variable temperature and salinity conditions, and controlled manipulation of sea-ice algal species in laboratory culture. Employment of a range of techniques, from fast repetition rate fluorometry and gross and net photosynthetic measurements to metabolomics and enzyme kinetics, will tease apart the mechanistic effects of temperature and salinity on cell metabolism and primary production with the goal of quantifying how these changes will impact biogeochemical processes along the western Antarctic Peninsula.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

南极春季海冰范围和厚度的迅速变化使冰内或附着在冰上的微生物受到温度、盐度、光照和营养物质的大幅波动的影响。 该项目旨在确定海冰藻类在南极半岛西部春季融化期间对温度升高和盐度降低的细胞反应，并确定细胞水平的相关变化如何可能影响动态的生物驱动过程。了解海冰藻类如何科普和适应它们的环境不仅有助于预测极地生态系统如何随着海冰的范围和厚度变化而变化，而且还将更好地了解地球上光合作用生命的广泛成功。这项研究的科学背景和所取得的进展将通过外展活动传达给公众，包括与科学传播研究员和华盛顿西雅图太平洋科学中心的流行极地科学周末合作。该项目将为大学生提供学生培训，并为K-12学童提供教育经验。目前对南极半岛西部地区快速变化的环境与海冰藻类生产之间存在的反馈关系了解甚少。藻类在春季融化期间经历的温度和盐度的大幅变化影响了关键的细胞过程，包括光合作用和呼吸作用中涉及的酶催化反应的速率，以及压力保护化合物的产生。这些细胞过程的变化很少受到限制，但可能很大，可能对当地生态系统的生产力和生物地球化学循环产生影响。特别是，这项研究将集中在酶的热敏性和用于卤素和低温保护的相容性溶质和外聚合物的循环，以及它们如何影响初级生产和碳和氮的地球化学循环。方法将包括春季融化期间的实地取样，在不同温度和盐度条件下对自然海冰群落进行孵化实验，以及在实验室培养中对海冰藻类物种进行有控制的操作。采用一系列技术，从快速重复频率荧光测定法和总光合作用和净光合作用测量到代谢组学和酶动力学，将梳理温度和盐度对细胞代谢和初级生产的机械效应，目标是量化这些变化将如何影响南极半岛沿着生物地球化学过程。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来提供支持。

项目成果

Use of exogenous glycine betaine and its precursor choline as osmoprotectants in Antarctic sea‐ice diatoms 1

外源甘氨酸甜菜碱及其前体胆碱作为南极海冰硅藻渗透保护剂的用途1

• DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12839
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Journal of Phycology
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Torstensson, Anders;Young, Jodi N.;Carlson, Laura T.;Ingalls, Anitra E.;Deming, Jody W.;Valentin, K.
• 通讯作者: Valentin, K.

It's what's inside that matters: physiological adaptations of high‐latitude marine microalgae to environmental change

重要的是内部的东西：高纬度海洋微藻对环境变化的生理适应

• DOI: 10.1111/nph.16648
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: New Phytologist
• 影响因子: 9.4
• 作者: Young, Jodi N.;Schmidt, Katrin
• 通讯作者: Schmidt, Katrin

Large Diversity in Nitrogen- and Sulfur-Containing Compatible Solute Profiles in Polar and Temperate Diatoms

• DOI: 10.1093/icb/icaa133
• 发表时间: 2020-12-01
• 期刊: INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 2.6
• 作者: Dawson, H. M.;Heal, K. R.;Young, J. N.
• 通讯作者: Young, J. N.

Potential of temperature- and salinity-driven shifts in diatom compatible solute concentrations to impact biogeochemical cycling within sea ice

• DOI: 10.1525/elementa.421
• 发表时间: 2020-06-19
• 期刊: ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: Dawson, Hannah M.;Heal, Katherine R.;Young, Jodi N.
• 通讯作者: Young, Jodi N.