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Collaborative Research - LTREB RUI Renewal: Evolutionary demography - the contribution of adaptation and environment to population dynamics, range size, and niche width

合作研究 - LTREB RUI 更新：进化人口学 - 适应和环境对人口动态、范围大小和生态位宽度的贡献

基本信息

批准号：
1754157
负责人：
Vincent Eckhart
金额：
$ 4.75万
依托单位：
Grinnell College
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-08-01 至 2024-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1754157&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research LTREB RUI Renewal

项目摘要

A fundamental objective of ecology and evolutionary biology is to explain the geographic distributions of species. But species are dynamic entities, and their geographic distributions respond to changing environments. If the environment of their suitable habitat changes, populations of a species can sustain themselves in their current habitat by adaption through natural selection, or they need to shift to new locations. Understanding the mechanisms that account for species distributions is especially timely because of the accelerating pace of environmental change. The contribution of adaptation to population dynamics, local persistence, and to the geographic range inhabited by a species, has rarely been quantified. Although comparative ecological studies and species distribution models typically assume genetic uniformity across a species geographic range, genetic studies have repeatedly demonstrated local adaptation. This project explicitly examines the contribution of adaptation to population growth and the extent of a species geographic range, through the continuation of a long-term field population demographic study and the use of a species distribution model. The project will also involve outreach to a rural middle school, engaging students in research activities, and it will connect citizens to research scientists through an innovative outreach program, Market Science, where researchers engage the public at farmer's markets. The research team will focus on a well-studied California native plant species, Clarkia xantiana, which has been the focus of intensive field research for over 12 years. This research will provide new, exceptionally detailed information about how species' ranges evolve and the factors that are likely to influence species responses to climate variation. The specific objectives of this project are to examine: (1) whether population dynamics vary from the center to margins of the species' range and what environmental factors drive this variation; (2) the spatial scale of local adaptation and how it relates to demographic similarity among populations; and (3) the interplay of population dynamics and adaptation in shaping environmental tolerances (niche width) and geographic range size. Only long-term studies can provide robust predictions about what controls population persistence, evolutionary adaptation, and their consequences for species ranges. Long-term demographic datasets of vital rates (e.g. survival, reproduction), population growth, and abiotic and biotic (herbivory) factors, have been collected in 35 natural populations spanning the major portion of the species' range. All monitoring of field populations will be continued an additional ten years. Past work has examined local adaptation using a large reciprocal transplant experiment among demographically-divergent populations. This experiment will be repeated in the project's second five-year phase.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

生态学和进化生物学的一个基本目标是解释物种的地理分布。但物种是动态的实体，它们的地理分布会随着环境的变化而变化。如果适宜栖息地的环境发生变化，一个物种的种群可以通过自然选择的适应在现有栖息地维持生存，或者它们需要转移到新的栖息地。由于环境变化的速度加快，了解物种分布的机制尤为及时。适应对种群动态、局部持久性和物种居住的地理范围的贡献很少被量化。虽然比较生态学研究和物种分布模型通常假设物种地理范围内的遗传一致性，但遗传研究一再证明了局部适应性。本项目通过继续进行长期野外人口统计研究和使用物种分布模型，明确地审查适应对人口增长的贡献和物种地理范围的范围。该项目还将涉及到一所农村中学，让学生参与研究活动，并将通过一个创新的推广项目“市场科学”（Market Science）将公民与研究科学家联系起来，在这个项目中，研究人员将在农贸市场吸引公众。研究小组将重点研究一种经过充分研究的加州本土植物，Clarkia xantiana，这是12年来密集实地研究的重点。这项研究将提供关于物种范围如何演变以及可能影响物种对气候变化的反应的因素的新的、非常详细的信息。该项目的具体目标是研究：(1)种群动态是否从物种范围的中心到边缘变化，以及驱动这种变化的环境因素；(2)地方适应的空间尺度及其与人口相似性的关系；(3)种群动态与适应对环境容忍度（生态位宽度）和地理范围大小的影响。只有长期研究才能提供可靠的预测，说明是什么控制着种群的持久性、进化适应以及它们对物种范围的影响。收集了35个自然种群的长期人口统计数据集，包括生存、繁殖、种群增长、非生物和生物（草食）因素。对外地人口的所有监测将再继续十年。过去的工作是通过在人口分布不同的人群中进行大规模的互惠移植实验来检验当地适应性。这个实验将在项目的第二个五年阶段重复。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。