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Low Versus High Latitude Continental Climatic Effects of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province on the End Triassic Extinction Event

大西洋中部岩浆省的低纬度与高纬度大陆气候对三叠纪末期灭绝事件的影响

基本信息

批准号：
1761576
负责人：
Celina Suarez
金额：
$ 35.27万
依托单位：
University of Arkansas
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-05-01 至 2023-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1761576&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Low Versus Latitude Continental Climatic

项目摘要

This project aims to understand the end Triassic extinction (ETE about 201 Million years ago), one of five mass extinctions in Earth's history. The causes of the ETE are still under investigation, but massive volcanic eruptions during the breakup of Pangea emitted large amounts of greenhouse gases, which in turn caused habitat-change. As a result, many animal and plant species went extinct, allowing for new animals to thrive, notably dinosaurs. The project focuses on two field locations: the Moenave Formation of Utah, near the sub-tropics during the time of extinction, and the Elliot Formation of South Africa and Lesotho, near the South Pole. By combining the timescale with the occurrence of fossils, a prediction of how major climatic changes may cause extinction will be developed, thus providing us with clues about how to mitigate the current increased levels of species extinctions. The proposed study has important societal implications. It addresses some of the grand challenges for research on Earth-surface processes, published by the National Academy of Sciences (Landscapes on the Edge: New Horizons for Research on Earth's Surface). For example, the research will help identify how knowledge of our planet's past helps us prepare for a sustainable future. Students supported by this project will be recruited from two major organizations that encourage scientific education for minorities: the Society for Chicanos and Native Americans in Science and the National Association of Black Geoscientists. The project will involve federal agencies through partnerships with the St. George Dinosaur Discovery Museum and Zion National Park, specifically via museum and visitor center displays of our study outcomes. Student exchange experience will be coordinated with Senior Personnel at the University of Cape Town (UCT) and University of the Witwatersrand (UW). Students from the University of Arkansas (UA) will spend a field season in southern Africa learning field skills and gaining cultural experiences, and students from UCT and UW will visit the UA to learn geochemical and spectrometry skills and visit field sites. Finally, we will develop datasets for and work with high school teachers that are training for the Next Generation Science Standards adopted by the state of Arkansas.The project will: 1) identify the ETE in the Moenave Formation, USA (low-latitude) and the Elliot Formation of southern Africa (high-latitude) using bio- and chemostratigraphy and high resolution geochronology; 2) generate paleoclimate proxy data; 3) determine biostratigraphic trends in ichnological and microfaunal record; and 4) compare ecosystem and climatic shifts in high versus low-latitudes in the southern hemisphere. The methods employed include: 1) collection of C-isotope (bulk and compound-specific) chemostratigraphic and detrital zircon geochronologic data from both formations; and 2) biostratigraphic data (body and trace fossils of vertebrates and invertebrates). CO2 concentration, temperature, and mean annual precipitation will be calculated using stable and clumped isotopes from paleosol and lacustrine sediments, major and minor element concentrations from paleosols, and O-isotopes from ostracods and vertebrate fossils. These data will then be correlated to the paleontological occurrences of vertebrate and invertebrate remains from both continents to determine effects of climate change caused by the CAMP on the two ecosystems.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这个项目旨在了解地球历史上五次大灭绝之一的三叠纪末期大灭绝(约2.01亿年前)。ETE的原因仍在调查中，但盘古大陆解体期间的大规模火山喷发排放了大量温室气体，这反过来又导致了栖息地的变化。结果，许多动植物物种灭绝，新的动物得以繁衍生息，特别是恐龙。该项目的重点是两个野外地点：灭绝期间靠近亚热带的犹他州的莫纳韦地层，以及靠近南极的南非和莱索托的埃利奥特地层。通过将时间尺度与化石的出现相结合，将开发出关于主要气候变化如何导致物种灭绝的预测，从而为我们提供关于如何缓解目前物种灭绝水平上升的线索。这项拟议的研究具有重要的社会影响。它解决了美国国家科学院发表的地球表面过程研究的一些重大挑战(边缘的景观：地球表面研究的新地平线)。例如，这项研究将有助于确定有关地球过去的知识如何帮助我们为可持续的未来做准备。该项目支持的学生将从两个鼓励少数民族科学教育的主要组织中招募：奇卡诺人和美洲原住民科学协会和全国黑人地球科学家协会。该项目将通过与圣乔治恐龙发现博物馆和锡安国家公园的合作，特别是通过博物馆和游客中心展示我们的研究成果，让联邦机构参与进来。学生交换经验将与开普敦大学(UCT)和威特沃特斯兰德大学(UW)的高级人员协调。来自阿肯色大学(UA)的学生将在南部非洲度过一个野外季节，学习野外技能并获得文化经验，来自UCT和UW的学生将访问UA，学习地球化学和光谱技术，并参观野外地点。最后，我们将为正在为阿肯色州通过的下一代科学标准进行培训的高中教师开发数据集并与其合作。该项目将：1)利用生物地层学和化学地层学以及高分辨率地质年代学确定美国莫纳韦地层(低纬度)和南部非洲埃利奥特地层(高纬度)的ETE；2)生成古气候替代数据；3)确定生物地层在生物和微型动物群记录中的趋势；4)比较南半球高纬度和低纬度地区的生态系统和气候变化。所采用的方法包括：1)从两个地层收集碳同位素(大宗和化合物特有的)化学地层学和碎屑锆石年代学数据；以及2)生物地层学数据(脊椎动物和无脊椎动物的身体和遗迹化石)。二氧化碳浓度、温度和年平均降水量将使用来自古土壤和湖泊沉积物的稳定和块状同位素，来自古土壤的主要和次要元素浓度，以及来自介形动物和脊椎动物化石的氧同位素来计算。然后，这些数据将与两大洲的脊椎动物和无脊椎动物遗骸的古生物发生情况相关联，以确定夏令营对这两个生态系统造成的气候变化的影响。这一裁决反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。