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Clause Structure and Utterance Meaning - Word Order, Particles and Emphasis

从句结构和话语含义 - 词序、助词和强调

基本信息

批准号：
234536975
负责人：
Professor Dr. Josef Bayer
金额：
--
依托单位：
Arbeitsgruppe Allgemeine und Germanistische Sprachwissenschaft
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2012-12-31 至 2018-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/234536975?language=en
关键词：
Clause Structure Utterance Meaning Word

项目摘要

The present research proposal aims at the development of an explicit syntactic account of illocutionary meaning, i.e. the meaning of utterances. Research will start from standard generalizations about the role of word order in clausal typing and will move from there to a thorough investigation of the functional architecture of the clause. Discourse particles as they are found in German, but also in weakly related languages such as Bangla, play a central role in the for-mation of utterance meaning. They turn basic sentence types such as questions into more fine-grained types such as rhetorical questions, surprise questions, disapproval questions etc. The working hypothesis is that they have shifted from heterogeneous sources (often adverbs) to the repertory of functional heads, and as such contribute in fundamental ways to the functional set-up of the clause. Certain options of word order, sometimes in combination with discourse particles, yield an emphatic character (also called "mirativity") that is typical for the expressive side of utterances and often endows them with an exclamative flavor. Both German and Bangla offer good reasons to assume that (at least certain forms of) emphatic marking is "hard-wired" in grammar, and that it must be distinguished from information structure. Consideration of German and Bangla will help reorienting research on utterance structure from a restrictive focus on the so-called "left periphery" to the entire clause including lower segments and, importantly, also the post-verbal space. Among the Indo-Aryan languages, Bangla is known for its rich particle vocabulary and is as such a top candidate for comparison with German. Although it is now the sixth largest language of the world in terms of the number of speakers, it is linguistically under-researched. An offshoot of the theoretical work on Bangla will be the development of a reference work and a data bank on Bangla particles which should be useful for a broader audience.

本研究的目的是发展一个明确的句法解释的言外意义，即话语的意义。研究将从词序在小句类型中的作用的标准概括开始，并将从那里转移到对小句的功能结构的彻底调查。语篇助词在话语意义的形成过程中起着核心作用，德语中有，孟加拉语中也有。他们把基本的句子类型，如问题到更细粒度的类型，如修辞问题，惊喜的问题，不赞成的问题等工作的假设是，他们已经从异质来源（通常是副词）的功能中心的剧目，并因此在根本上有助于功能设置的小句。某些语序的选择，有时与话语小品词相结合，产生一种特殊的特征（也称为“幻影”），这是话语表达方面的典型特征，通常赋予话语感叹的味道。德语和孟加拉语都提供了很好的理由来假设（至少是某些形式的）语法标记在语法中是“硬连接”的，并且必须将其与信息结构区分开来。考虑到德国和孟加拉语将有助于重新定位话语结构的研究，从一个限制性的重点放在所谓的“左边缘”的整个条款，包括较低的部分，重要的是，也后动词空间。在印度-雅利安语中，孟加拉语以其丰富的粒子词汇而闻名，因此是与德语比较的首选。虽然它现在是世界上第六大语言的发言者人数，它是语言学研究不足。关于孟加拉语的理论工作的一个分支将是开发一个关于孟加拉语粒子的参考书和数据库，这对更广泛的受众应该是有用的。