Plant-Insect Diversity, Paleobiology, and Paleobiogeography From Early Eocene Neotropical Forests

始新世早期新热带森林的植物昆虫多样性、古生物学和古生物地理学

• 批准号: 1829299
• 负责人: Carlos Jaramillo
• 金额: $ 8.5万
• 依托单位: Smithsonian Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2021-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1829299&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Plant; Insect; Diversity; Paleobiology; Paleobiogeography

The early Eocene hyperthermals were intervals of rapid and extreme warming that occurred ~56-52 million years ago. The hyperthermals recorded the highest global temperatures in the last 66 million years, and their fossil record provides a snapshot of life in a greenhouse world. Most studies of life during these warming intervals have focused on geographical regions between the tropics and poles. Very little is known about ancient tropical forests during the early Eocene. In this project, the early Eocene plant fossil record of northern Colombia are being intensively sampled. These collections will provide a unique and previously undescribed record of Central and South American plants from which their evolution and function can be evaluated in relation to past environmental change. With such records, our understanding of the limits and long-term responses of tropical rainforests to warming will advance. This project will foster the scientific training of undergraduate students in state-of-the-art lab techniques. The investigators will continue to increase paleontological awareness in local and rural communities in Colombia through training of public school teachers. This project will use the paleobotanical and sedimentary record from northern Colombia to test for biotic responses of Neotropical forests to early Eocene warming events. The research area includes three previously undescribed plant fossil localities that span the Paleocene-Eocene boundary and complement previously described Late Paleocene floras in Colombia. Considering that the plant fossil record provides a natural experiment in which to observe the long-term response of tropical rainforests to temperature increases, this project is focussing on 4 questions: 1) Did the early Eocene hyperthermals lead to a diversification or a collapse of tropical biomes in northern South America? 2) Did plant evaporative cooling change during these rapid increases in temperature? 3) How did forest composition and plant-insect interactions change during the early Eocene? 4) Were the early Eocene forests in northern South America similar in biogeographic composition to extant forests in the same region? By involving undergraduates in examining these research questions, this project will advance discovery and understanding while promoting teaching, training, and learning.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

始新世早期的超热期是发生在5600 - 5200万年前的快速和极端变暖的间隔期。这些超级热物记录了过去6600万年来全球最高的温度，它们的化石记录提供了温室世界生命的快照。在这些变暖间隔期间，大多数关于生命的研究都集中在热带和两极之间的地理区域。人们对始新世早期的古代热带森林知之甚少。本项目对哥伦比亚北部始新世早期植物化石记录进行了集中采样。这些收集将提供一个独特的和以前未被描述的中美洲和南美洲植物记录，从中可以评估它们的进化和功能与过去环境变化的关系。有了这些记录，我们对热带雨林对变暖的极限和长期反应的理解将会进一步加深。该项目将促进本科生在最先进的实验室技术方面的科学训练。调查人员将通过培训公立学校教师，继续提高哥伦比亚当地和农村社区对古生物学的认识。该项目将利用哥伦比亚北部的古植物学和沉积记录来测试新热带森林对始新世早期变暖事件的生物反应。该研究区域包括三个先前描述的植物化石地点，它们跨越古新世-始新世边界，补充了先前描述的哥伦比亚晚古新世植物区系。考虑到植物化石记录提供了一个自然实验来观察热带雨林对温度升高的长期反应，该项目主要关注4个问题：1)始新世早期的高温是否导致了南美洲北部热带生物群落的多样化或崩溃？2)在这些快速升温过程中，植物的蒸发冷却是否发生了变化？3)始新世早期森林组成和植物-昆虫相互作用发生了怎样的变化？4)南美洲北部早始新世森林的生物地理组成是否与同一地区现存的森林相似？通过让本科生参与研究这些研究问题，该项目将促进发现和理解，同时促进教学、培训和学习。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Canopy Structure in Late Cretaceous and Paleocene Forests as Reconstructed from Carbon Isotope Analyses of Fossil Leaves

根据化石叶碳同位素分析重建晚白垩世和古新世森林的冠层结构

• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Geology
• 影响因子: 5.8
• 作者: Graham, Heather;Herrera, Fabiany;Jaramillo, Carlos;Wing, Scott;Freeman, Katherine
• 通讯作者: Freeman, Katherine

ABUNDANT AND DIVERSE INSECT-MEDIATED LEAF DAMAGE IN THE MIDDLE-LATE PALEOCENE (58–60 MA) NEOTROPICAL RAINFORESTS OF THE BOGOTÁ FORMATION, CENTRAL COLOMBIA

哥伦比亚中部波哥大地层新热带雨林中古新世中晚期（58-60 MA）大量且多样的昆虫介导的叶片损害

• DOI: 10.1130/abs/2020am-359227
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs
• 作者: Giraldo Cerón, Luis;Carvalho, Mónica R.;Carvalho, Mónica R.;Herrera, Fabiany;Herrera, Fabiany;Labandeira, Conrad C.;Labandeira, Conrad C.;Jaramillo, Carlos;Jaramillo, Carlos
• 通讯作者: Jaramillo, Carlos

Middle to Late Paleocene Leguminosae fruits and leaves from Colombia

• DOI: 10.1071/sb19001
• 发表时间: 2019-01-01
• 期刊: AUSTRALIAN SYSTEMATIC BOTANY
• 影响因子: 1.6
• 作者: Herrera, Fabiany;Carvalho, Monica R.;Herendeen, Patrick S.
• 通讯作者: Herendeen, Patrick S.

TRANSFORMATIVE EFFECTS OF THE END-CRETACEOUS EVENT ON THE EVOLUTION OF MODERN NEOTROPICAL RAINFORESTS

白垩纪末期事件对现代新热带雨林演化的变革性影响

• DOI: 10.1130/abs/2021am-370862
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs
• 作者: Carvalho, Monica;Herrera, Fabiany;Wing, Scott;Labandeira, Conrad;Giraldo Cerón, L. Alejandro;Jaramillo, Carlos;de la Parra, Felipe;Caballero-Rodríguez, Dayenari;Silvestro, Daniele;Bayona, Germán
• 通讯作者: Bayona, Germán

Leaf evapotranspiration and paleophysiology of Early Eocene Neotropical Rainforests

早始新世新热带雨林的叶片蒸散量和古生理学

• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: European Paleobotany and Palynology Conference
• 作者: Carvalho, M;Jaramillo, C;Winter, K
• 通讯作者: Winter, K